by Hugh M. Lewis

Distributed integration and integrated distribution I propose are two sides of one coin in the elaboration and development of large scale meta-system frameworks on earth, especially when these systems are multi-leveled, stratified, and multi-faceted in their articulatory structures. If we consider the problem of constructing distributed super-computers, or alternative super-computing models, we come up with a clear case of the issues involved in this two-sided coin. If we are to build a single super-computing unit, housed within one compartment, we rapidly face issues of heat-conduction and dissipation and size reduction of such a unit. Alternatively, we can connect many smaller units together in an integrated, distributed network, as is increasingly common, such that they can operate on the same program and perform functions comparable to our single supercomputer. We largely avoid the issues of overheating associated with a large supercomputer, and we effectively eliminate as well storage and size problems by spreading the supercomputing system thinly over a broad network of computers. But the greater and more distributed our network, the greater our problem of communication and our computers capable of efficiently talking to one another becomes, and the greater as well the problem of the coordination of functions between multiple distributed units. In the current state of the art of our communications & digital technologies, there are definite trade-offs in whether we choose to build a single, centralized super-computer, or a distributed super-computing network system. 

A similar kind of structural trade-off may be found for any complex working system we refer to when we seek to elaborate such a system by its size, complexity and functionality, whether as a single, centralized, integrated system, or one that is distributed and networked as a coordinate collection of interacting nodes or hubs. The general trend has been towards the development of distributed systems.

Overall, we clearly recognize trends towards greater distributive integration and integrated distribution of information, energy, material, natural and human resources in alternative human systems in the future. This process has been a gradual but steady one, and has led to an overall situation whereby many new systems and subsystems are created, on one hand, and different systems are being increasingly tied together at a higher levels of integration. It is related to increasing differentiation of form and function of subsystems, and the resulting process of complex stratification of such systems at multiple levels.

We really have only begun to explore the possibilities of distributive-integration in relation to emerging technologies. Genetic engineering is only just beginning to come into its own. The pace of technological development is quickening with each passing year. Many pre-established structures of course have their own inertia and therefore may impede the rate of progress. We cannot simply replace the old with the new at every new day. The new and the old will continue to function, and increasingly inter-function, side by side, and the old will eventually be squeezed out and reprocessed in new forms and designs.

General Systems Essays, Vol. I