Chapter One

Physical Systems Principles

The basis for physical systems theory as I have developed this in relation to natural systems theory has been to rethink the implicit systems models that have governed the dominant and conventional paradigms of thought in the physical sciences. This rethinking has taken several directions simultaneously. If we apply concepts in general systems theory to a model of the total universe, we are left with some interesting insights and unanswered questions regarding its structure. For instance, natural systems can be said to be open systems. The universe appears to be an open system. Open systems have the possibility of establishing a form of dynamic equilibrium within its meta-systemic context. Living systems are open systems as they depend upon the continuous exchange with their environment. If we conjecture that our model of physical reality is an open system, then we can understand that even though the principles of thermodynamics always guarantees a loss of heat from systems and a tendency towards increasing entropy, within an open system there may occur inflow of energy, of various forms, that counteract the tendency towards continuous loss. Most analytical models of physical reality are based upon models of closed systems, and indeed our entire cosmology of the big bang universe is essentially a closed model system.

I will state my first general principle of physical systems:

1. All naturally occurring physical systems that are real are open systems. 

2. There can be no perfectly closed real system.

3. There can be no perfectly isolated real system.

4. All naturally occurring systems, as real physical systems, are connected to all other real systems, however remotely or indirectly.

As a conclusion of this basic set of postulates, I will conclude that the universe, in its most basic structures of physical reality, are open and infinite in all possible directions. It cannot reasonably or logically exist in any other form, else it would constitute a closed system that would be thermodynamically impossible.

Underlying this conception are what I would call several meta-physical postulates concerning our knowledge and ability to know objective reality.

1. Objective physical reality exists in the universe of phenomena regardless of whether we observe or are able to observe this phenomena or not. In other words, a tree that falls unseen or unheard in a forest, still falls, and the objective occurrence of reality is not dependent upon the subjective experience of its event structures by some observer.

2. An extension of postulate 1 is that there may occur in the larger universe of physical reality objective phenomena that are not observed or even observable, but which nevertheless can be inferred to occur. When we examine and presume an instantaneous structure of the physical universe, one in which the temporal dimensionality is held constant, we discover a perfect 3 dimensional cosmology that can be inferred to exist regardless of our limited capacity for directly observing it.

From this model, we may see the instantaneous or inferable universe as a single point that is infinitely expandable in all directions. Just as we can pass an infinite number of lines through any single point, and each line would be infinitely long and have an infinitely discrete directionality. The geodesic or minimal distance between this origin point and any other point in the universe would be a unique line with a discrete direction. 

All motion in the instantaneous universe can be said to be discrete to a specific direction. It is non-linear in the sense that the differential trajectory of motion is continuously shifting, and in the presumed curvature of empty space-time, constitutes a geodesic.

1. All things in the universe are in continuous motion, which motion is from an instantaneous standpoint always discrete.

2. All things in the universe exhibit non-linear patterns or state-path trajectories of motion because they are temporally constrained, or rather, they are constrained in the temporal direction which renders a four rather than a perfect three dimensional cosmology.

3. The gravitational influence of the shape and curvature of space-time influences in a relative and non-linear way the motional trajectories of all systems and event structures in the universe.

4. Only a motion that is of infinite speed can be said to occur in a perfectly three dimensional universe.

Evidence for these kinds of conclusions comes from logical deductive inference from the observation of gravitational interactions of naturally occurring systems. Gravitational phenomena occur which appears, under conventional explanation based upon closed systems, to defy the basic laws of thermodynamics. For instance, an object set in motion in space, without hindrance or obstruction, can be presumed to travel forever in a single state-path trajectory, without change of its speed or directionality. Another observation--gravitating bodies appear to continuously exert gravitational force for the life of the body, without apparent comparable input into such systems. In other words, they appear to be perpetual motion machines of a certain order and form, that appear to continuously produce work without any obvious or apparent inputs. In fact, inputs are continuously occurring in such systems, as part of open dynamic systems, but these inputs have not yet been acknowledged by scientists as occurring. It is this set of observations, deductions and postulates that constitutes the basis for an alternative cosmology of the dynamic state universe, a model of a meta-state system that can be said to be:

1. infinite in multiple dimensions.

2. stochastically self-organizing.

3. stratified along an open continuum of size-event structures.

4. gravitationally dynamic.

5. cold-fusion in probable origins.

6. universally equivalent in its basic forms.

First is an open, non-zero model of the dynamic state universe at the base of which is a fundamental systems theory of natural physical change covering all possible event structures in the total universe. I hypothesize that the universe, as a composite, meta-state system, must logically and empirically be open and infinite in extent and therefore eternal in age. We cannot explain certain phenomena in thermodynamics, Olber's paradox, or the vast observable depths of space-time adequately in any other framework. We cannot inquire into the ultimate origins or the final fate of the universe because it has existed, as the total physical reality, forever. We cannot yet identify any fixed extensive boundaries to the universe, beyond which we can confidently say there is nothing, or there is another reality than what we understand it. The universe is so large, in fact, that the ends never connect, and not even the light that travels forever from one corner, will reach the light traveling in the opposite direction, forever, from the opposite corner. It may have changed its overall physical form and distribution of mass and energy, but there can be said to be no non-relative base-line by which to determine these kinds of super-scale transformations of physical reality. 

The basis for a theory of universal relativity is to state that there are few if any true universals or absolutes in the physical universe, except for absolute zero and the known constant of the speed of light, which may or may not have greater theoretical significance concerning the shape and distribution of the universe. Upon a universal scale, in fact, time as we construe this may have no determinant or comprehensive influence or universal applicability. If there occurs a sense of universal simultaneity, or co-occurrence of all physical events, everywhere in the universe, in the same instantaneous and ever-emergent "now," we may be fundamentally unable to prove or demonstrate this to be true. We may infer such a sense of universal "nowness" or simultaneity about the event structures in universal reality, without having the means for ever testing our conclusions. That regions of the universe, or sub-universes, may exist in different temporal dimensionalities, not all of which are coordinate with our own, is a tremendous stretch of our Newtonian imaginations. An infinite universe would be so large that light from one end of the universe may travel forever, and never come into contact with light from the other end of the universe, and yet we are left with the grand paradox of inferring that both ends of the universe may be temporally united within the same simultaneous or instantaneous event structures, and also with inferring that there is no area or region in the universe, infinitely large, that is a complete energy vacuum. In other words we may be hard pressed to say that time even exists upon this tremendous scale of dimensionality. The universe as a total meta-state system must also therefore be non-isotropic and gravitationally unintegrated in the sense that it consists of many different regions that are internally united within a gravitational framework, but which just hang together somewhat randomly as a composite whole. 

Time upon a fundamental level may be universally simultaneous, but this may not be true or the same on grander scales of cosmic regions or areas. It is the possibility of a universal synchrony of time upon a fundamental level, and even of a inherent uncertainty of time upon a fundamental level that nevertheless leads to synchronous event structures anywhere in the universe, which is suggestive of a stranger patterning of reality than we may yet comprehend. With a fine enough mesh, the rate of event structure may vary intrinsically and hence be fundamentally indeterminate from beginning to end. Considering time and change in the universe is another way of looking at the transformational structure of events, or complementary change processes, upon different scales of measurement, and of attempting to understand how our ability to measure these events with our chronometers and micrometers may be fundamentally limited and relative to our own inescapable physical dimensionalities and constraints. 

Time is our measurement of change, and change, not time, is intrinsic to the processes of the universe. These change processes tend to be systematic in a predictive and measurable manner, at least upon some non-fundamental scales of measurement. Change occurs at differential, usually non-linear rates, as measured by time, at different scales of measurement, and these rates themselves may be complexly determined by a number of interdependent variables. In physical systems, we may speculate upon different kinds of change processes occurring. From a purely structural point of view, all change can only operate within a paradigm of a limited number of possibilities--for instance change as an increase or decrease in rate, and lead to developmental or evolutionary transformations, toward increasing order, or alternative towards disordered states or entropy, or towards a steady state of relative non-change, punctuated or periodic change.

Gravitational fields also take a form of negative energy that is implicit to the structure, conformation and flow dynamics of the space-time matrix or manifolds. This flow influences gravity and the flow of objects through space-time in relation to one another, and forms the basis for the induction of space-time into gravitating bodies or rather into the nuclei of matter that composes these bodies.

This leads to a second formulation of my theory of the infinite, dynamic state universe and universal relativity, that has been the formulation of a paradigm of gravitational dynamics that encompasses the framework of thermodynamics and that makes possible processes in the universe that are strictly speaking not subject to the laws of thermodynamics. 

Third has been the hypothesis of a componential, or rather, infinitesimal model of the fundamental structure of physical reality upon a level of a class of so-called zeroeth entities, at the level of which there is no clear distinguishing between large-scale field structures and composite point event structures--summative and constitutive models of the physical structure of reality converge upon this level to the point of being inseparable. If the universe hangs together upon this level of fundamental reality, then it appears to do so in a universally simultaneous and minimal manner that implies a common periodic event structure, inherent quantum indeterminancy, and an infinite rate of velocity associated with any string or propagation structures.

Fourth, and finally, I deal with an alternative cosmology of the dynamic state universe with a theory of origins, geography and complexity of the total universe as a meta-state system, a system that has been in place from the beginning and that has had its own curious developmental history possibly rooted in large-scale processes of stochastic differentiation.

The most important question we can try to answer in regard to the total universe is the problem of whether it is infinite or not in scale. The evidence I offer for what I will refer to as an open, non-zero state model that implies, among other things, an infinite geometrical structure to the universe, are the following arguments:

1. The universal application of the laws of thermodynamics demands an infinite energy sink or reservoir within which all energy dynamics are contained. This logically necessitates that the total structure of such a containment reservoir would be infinite in size and scale.

2. Olber's paradox that has been taken as evidence for a closed model of the universe, is here used as evidence suggesting that in fact space is infinite in expanse, and that the stars are in the long run and the large spaced few and far between in the total depths of the dark night. The night sky is dark because starlight from near infinite distances cannot reach us. A counterfactual argument can be developed in this regard. If the universe were a closed structure, then we would expect that all the stars in the universe would become visible to us simultaneously, and we might expect Olber's paradox to then be a real paradox. The omnidirectional darkness of the night-sky, of space, which ever way we may look, suggests that wherever we may travel in the universe, we will always see the same black background.

3. Accounting for vast distances/depths of space-time in the observable sphere of the universe renders logically unlikely and impossible that the total universe could be anything but unfathomably large in scale and extent. If the sphere of our observational universe is estimated to be 15 billion light-years in radius, then we can infer a diameter of at least 30 billion light years for our current sphere, and we can extend this diameter to at least 90 billion light years if we conclude that light that traveled towards the center of our sphere from 15 billion years ago also traveled in opposite directions at the same time. If we extrapolate this procedure a few more steps, the potential scale of the universe grows exponentially to truly astronomic proportions. If a photon of light could theoretically have traveled 90 billion years across the inferable spaces of the universe, then it could have traveled in opposite directions of at least 270 billion years, and so forth ad infinitum. We would be hard pressed to estimate the total volume of space-time of such a scale of universe, much less the average amount of star-matter and galactic formations that would be expected to occur in such a vast volume, assuming a perfect cosmological principle. We would be hard pressed to infer a uniform curvature of space-time for all this vast dimensionality. The pervasive background of radio-waves that fills the night-sky in all corners is evidence of the red-shifted edge of the universe. The accumulation of a significant proportion of helium in the universe is also evidence for the great age of the universe that has allowed the stockpiling of this relative inert element throughout the universe.

The ultimate dilemma of the fundamental and universal structure of the universe is that physical reality is both analytically composite and componential constitutive, and self-consistent as a well-system with emergent properties, at the same time. Our scientific knowledge, thinking and praxis must come to reflect this paradoxical and dialectical nature of physical reality, split as it has been between reductionist and holistic approaches to reality.

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The paradox of the model of an infinite, open state universe is that we can absolutely designate no center point, and hence neither any marginal or excluded point, in this structure. All points in the universe are equally distant from the furthest points, and all are equally deficient in serving as central reference points. Universal relativity demands that all points in an infinite universe are relative to the point of view of the observer, and the entire system cannot be observationally comprehended or encompassed as a single entity. There is, in other words, no privileged vantage point in the universe from which we may look out and observe the total structure of the physical system.

It also comes as something of a paradox that any finite object has a virtual center point, and this virtual center point will always correspond to the center of mass and of gravity for the mass object in question. It follows that if the universe can have no center point, it can have no common or integrated system of gravity, and therefore it must in its total structure obey the cosmological principle in lacking any sense of isotrope order. There is in other words no basic system of gravitational attraction that can be common to the total universe as a whole system, and the universe as a whole can be said to be not gravitational integrated as a single system. It consists of multiple subsystems, stratified at different levels, but without an overall sense of coherence of gravitational structure. Nevertheless, universal relativity determines that the same principles of gravitational dynamics, thermodynamics, and the mechanics of mass, apply in all regions of the total universe with equal measure.

Another consequence of this model, I believe, is that no single set of physical events can affect or have as a consequence the universe as a whole or entire single structure. The universe may contain a collection of events, more or less independent of one another, but it cannot be contained by such a set of events, and rendered dependent upon them.

It may therefore be said that in the model of the infinite state universe, one point, anywhere, is just about as good, and as deficient, as any other point, for observing phenomena that occurs in the universe, and we are likely as well, standing at any point, to observe generally the same kinds of events regardless of where we are observing from, with but few exotic exceptions. It becomes possible to generalize about the total structure from observations conducted from one or more limited points of view, in an inductive and hypothetico-deductive manner, except that we will always be lacking in the empirical proof of our generalizations by direct observation. Universal relativity proceeds as a doctrine of the physical structure of the total universe, as long as we acknowledge that this structure is infinite and therefore open in the largest sense possible.

The hypothesis of universal instantaneity or simultaneity is one such generalization we may make about the total universe. We assume that as total physical system it occurs everywhere instantaneously at the same moment, and this process of continuous occurrence, or recurrence, has carried on eternally, without effective beginning or end. We are forced to this universal generalization on the basis of the extension of our local observations only. We know Mars to exist at this moment, though its light takes 30 or forty minutes to reach us. This assumption provides us with a sense of historical continuity, or continuity in and through time, upon which we depend in our sciences as well as in our everyday sensory experiences, to confer a sense of order upon the world around us. We do not expect that Mars will suddenly blink out of existence, although we cannot discount completely and absolutely the possibility of a major cataclysmic event that disintegrates Mars as a planet.

Universal Simultaneity provides not only temporal continuity and order to our sense of events in the physical universe, but it also depends upon the principle of the physical separation, in space-time, of independent events. Events that are not physically separated and that do not occur independently of one another in space-time cannot be said to occur in a totally or absolutely simultaneous manner that may be said to be complementary. Rather they exhibit a form causal determinancy or interrelationship. The primary form of phenomena we observe in this manner in the universe are the phenomena of motion, mass and gravitation, and this form of structure in space-time provides a sense of non-complementariness or causal determinancy to event-structures that can thus be said to occur in a non-simultaneous and interdependent manner.

This gives us a clue to the properties of complementariness of event structures--such event structures must occur in an independent, simultaneous manner. The observational relativity that comes from our knowledge of these event-structures derives from the possibility of not being able to witness two or more simultaneous event structures that are truly, entirely independent of one another, at the same exact moment in time, even if such event structures are in fact quite proximate to one another. The paradox is that both complementarity and causality of event structure must be inferred as a process of sequential time, rather than as a product of simultaneous event structure.

The universal structure of space-time that maintains the possibility, indeed the necessity, of universal simultaneity of co-occurring event structures, demands that all independent event structures are effectively separated or partitioned by space-time no matter how large or how small this measure of separation. It is the partitioning effect of space-time which maintains the universal order of both simultaneous and non-simultaneous, or causal, event structures in the universe. If space-time did not exhibit this partitioning effect as a basic constraint to all event structures, however small or large, then time as a function of change and causal process would not be possible, and we would not observe the universe to exhibit the kinds of dynamic processes that it does.

All event structures of the total universe are instantaneously and simultaneously embedded in the background field of the universal space-time manifold. They cannot escape this embedded field and there appears to be possible no discontinuity or discontiguity of this field. No event can occur outside of its embedding constraints. The general relativity of space-time, and the special relativity of event structures, are a function of the universal relativity of the largest structure of the total universe that is probably open and infinite and therefore without a unified sense of time or temporal organization of event structure to the whole cosmos. 

It might be said that a common sense of time, or of temporal organization of event structure, cannot apply to the universe as a whole. It can only be applied by degrees to regions or partitions of the universe. A structure that exists without a unified sense of time, exists without a sense of beginning or end. The sense of simultaneity of co-occurring event structures separated by space is merely an observational illusion based upon our inference and our desire for conservation or continuity of physical structure or presence in the universe. The great accuracy and predictability of our mathematical formulas of the orbits of the planets and moons in our solar system, from instance, is based upon the implicit generalization of the simultaneity of event structures occurring within the solar system. Another way of putting this is to say that event structures cannot be observed, and simultaneity of structure inferred, in a universe that were non-dynamic and completely static or absolutely changeless. Sense of time is merely the sense of continuity of event structure that we bring to our observations and predictions of events in the universe.

It follows that time is not a universal constraint that orders all events in the universe, rather, events are the constraints that order our sense of time in the perception of these events. Events occur in temporal order and sequence as the natural consequence of the properties and principles affecting event structures due to their embedding within the space-time field. Because this field applies equally everywhere, we expect event structures everywhere to exhibit the same relative sets of properties in regard to motion, mass and gravitation. Time becomes therefore merely the relative observational measure of the mechanical and instantaneous constraining effect of the universal field upon all event structures that we may observe. The dynamic change processes that occur in the universe occur as a consequence of these mechanical partitioning constraints of the unified field and the lack of overall order to these constraints. Universal instantaneity precludes the doctrine of universal time, or the idea that the entire universe is set to a single ticking clock. Universal simultaneity is merely the inference we logically draw from the observation of the relative independence and continuity of partitioned event structures.

Time becomes a means for organizing event structures through partitioning and the action of basic mechanical and dynamic principles. Two independent events cannot happen at the same time and place--they can either happen in different places at the same time or in the same place over multiple times. All event structures and change processes must work through the medium of the universal field. Two interdependent events can be said to be two event structures which are consequential one to another, in a partial and indirect manner. Because both event structures must be embedded in the common universal field, it is the contextual relations of the shared universal fields that influences the interdependency of event structures. This is equivalent to saying that for every action, we can expect an opposite, but equal reaction. The universe, and the universal field, perfectly conserves itself in all its dynamics.

What we construe as time is really the well ordered and measured nature of the dynamic trajectory of instantaneous, non-linear event structures in the universe. A pulse of light emitted from a far distant source is nothing more than a certain kind of ripple, an instantaneous perturbation, of the fabric of the instantaneous universal field that propagates away from its source in a very predictable manner. The inference of the great time depth we infer from such far-distant starlight is only the residual information we are able to glean from the patterning such a rippling effect is able to make and be measured by our observational instruments and recording devices. We infer the history into the trajectory of the light perturbation back to its source.

Volume by itself is the minimal measure of the instantaneous, simultaneous universe. All finite objects have a specific measure of volume, however they may be shaped. This volume may be in the larger sense non-Euclidean in that its three dimensions may be non-linear with the result that the larger sphere, if we project it from any single point in three perpendicular directions, will be either greater or less than the amount we could calculate through Euclidean geometry. The volumetric measurement of empty space can be seen fundamentally as the three dimensional projection of the infinite number of vectors that may extend from any origin point. If a line is the product of a point in projection, and the plane the product of a line in projection, and three dimensional volume, or pure space, the production of the projection of the plane in the third dimension, then we can see that from a geometric standpoint, whether the geometry we use is standard or nonstandard, space as a construct becomes the necessary consequence of the degrees of freedom permitted to a single point.

We may say that the volume of an infinite universe is infinite, and that space tends toward near complete rarefaction or emptiness, no matter how great local densities of mass may occur, or how apparently dense the formations of matter across a large region of space. It may be said that the total universe is nearly completely rarefied or virtually empty, even though the total mass it contains is very large and may in itself be an infinite subset of the total volume of the universe.

The empty volumetric measurement of the total region contained by the universe can be said to be an abstract value--the actual volume is relative and quite variable, determined by the fluctuations of density of the actual space-time that is contained within this volume. What is space-time then. I will refer to it as a form of negative, or potential energy, that has mass and gravitational effects. It appears to be dynamic in that it flows from one place to another.

Beyond the non-Euclidean geometry of the volumetric measurement of the universe, a factor that may be of some influence on red-shift observed in distant light, it is evident as well that the total density of the space contained in the measurable volume is far greater than that suggested by the calculation of empty and equally or uniformly rarefied space-time.

Though the volume of the total universe may be infinite, we may say that what we refer to as space-time, or the substance of this space, fills this volume with variable densities and with dynamic flow. This density and flow variability is normally experience in terms of gravitational fields and differentials and the gravitational dynamics of systems occurring in the universe. Matter and energy represent fundamental state transformations of the basic substance of space, or spime, and the dynamics of spime and differential densities appear to be greatest in and around very dense formations of matter. Otherwise, the unified field exhibits uniform gravitational dynamic properties, properties affecting motion, wherever it occurs.

It is apparent that the alternate, complement and equivalent states of Matter and Energy arose as the consequence of dynamic local perturbations of the spime field, and increased gradually in relative density and ration compared to the unified field. Matter and Energy were emergent from spime as a product of the intrinsic dynamics of this alternative medium of physical reality.

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Unless this gravitational differential is somehow realized in a positive form, we might say that all the cumulative energies passing through our standard frame in any given period are essentially, or effectively zero. The isomorphic dynamics of our frame would only be realized in the context of some object that was set into such a system, and the presence of this object itself would have its own net influence upon the system that would have to be taken into account.

Another way of stating all this is to say that in a universally relative system, there are no set or standard frames of reference by which to measure and compare all the motions and energies occurring in such a system in a uniform manner. All measurements or determinations made of such a system would be relative to the net dynamic motion of the frame itself, and the gravitational frame of reference for the frame, as well as for ourselves at the same time. At the same time, unless we have some other object by which to determine energies, we have a net effect in such a system of cancellation. Such a system would appear to be empty unless and until an object impinged upon it in an isotrope manner.

Another aspect of this is the notion of a number of "vanishing points" of our observational sphere of reality beyond which we cannot see. We cannot see beyond the speed of light, hence our view of the cosmos is critically constrained by light-speed such that we cannot see an instantaneous universe to any great distance from ourselves. We cannot see below a certain level of smallness either--it appears that when we reach the size of quarks, standard visible object relations disappears. Furthermore, I believe we cannot look directly into a black hole from which no light can escape, to see what might actually be happening or to look beyond the porthole that a black hole creates. It is possible though to infer the possibility of the existence of physical realities even beyond such vanishing points, or horizons of our own spheres of observation. We can infer logically and as a result of our experience that some kind of instantaneous universe does exist, and we can conjecture on the structure of sub-sub-atomic particles even if we have no means of observing these entities in any direct fashion.

Physical Principles of Stratification

Physical systems exhibit stratification not only by property and information and by size, but by space and time and by, apparently, relative density of distribution. We do not understand completely these various kinds of stratification and integration of physical systems, or how they  are exactly interrelated to one another. An example of the heterogeneous complexity of stratification of physical systems is in understanding the geology and geophysics of the earth. We understand this complex stratification of the physical earth as a kind of metasystem. We understand that the geology of the earth in all its features is probably unique and unlike the geology of any other system in the universe. And yet as a planet with an iron core, a magnetic field, a certain specific gravitational mass, etc., it shares affinities with many other kinds of planetary systems in the universe.

All physical systems, as real systems, have some size dimensionally to their structure. As sizeable systems, they occupy space and time in some fundamental sense.

If all physical systems must be rated by size, then there can be no system that is without size at all. In other words, no real system can be so infinitely small that it has not size, or zero-size.

The physical property of size of systems is an important constraint to all real systems. This property is in a physical sense absolute and non-relative. Abstract systems do not share this property--in theory a perfect triangle can be any size, or even infinitely large, and yet remain a triangle. But we can have no real instance or example of a triangle that is without size dimension, or dimensionless. Abstract systems can be said therefore in a basic sense to be dimensionless systems. Abstract systems can be said furthermore to be only possibilistic or possible systems.

Relation of the dimensional with the dimensionless, and a proof for physical infinity.

The universe consists of an absolute set of spatial dimensions, or better termed, dimensionalities. These absolute spatial dimensions exist instantaneously and simultaneously within a unified temporal framework.

A size scale is inherently multi-dimensional and can be used to scientifically compare and contrast all systems to one another. Size scale also serves to interrelate systems of different dimensions, as it can be said that the general trend is that larger systems are composed  of smaller systems. A small system cannot contain a system that is larger than itself. The size of a system can be said to be the sum of the sizes of the components of a system, and the distances between the components of a system. A size of a system also has an intrinsic  temporal dimension, or duration. Unlike size, temporality of a system is not hierarchically arranged in a scale of determinations. We may say that a short-term system can be composed of subsystems that are longer-term in duration

Another  way of looking at this problem is to suggest that all natural and real system exist in at least four dimensions, and the three dimensions of size-space are relative to the fourth dimension of time.

I would speculate on the following kinds of relations governing the dimensionality of systems:

The larger the system is spatially, the slower the system becomes temporally in a periodic sense.     

The smaller the system is spatially, the faster the system becomes temporally in a periodic sense.

We might conjecture that on a very large, or infinitely large scale, time does not have the same dimensionality as it has on an very small, or infinitely small scale. We may conjecture that an infinitely slow system is equivalent to an infinitely fast system--either direction on the periodic time scale leads to a sense of timelessness.

We may conjecture further, the following kind of relativistic relationship:

If a very small system is accelerated to a very fast speed (space/time ratio), then the system will become slower in a periodic sense, such that an infinitely fast small system is equivalent to an infinitely large slow system.

A small system that is very fast can be said to occupy the same field-potential as a very large slow system. We may say that a very large system has a greater gravitational potential than a very small system, and a very fast system has a greater gravitational potential than a very slow system.

The converse of this might also be considered. If a very large system is decelerated to a very slow speed (space/time ratio), then the system will become faster in a periodic sense, such that an infinitely large slow system is equivalent to an infinitely fast small system.

Two logical outcomes of this kind of reasoning follow:

        1. It is impossible to accelerate significantly an infinitely large system.

            It is easier  to decelerate than accelerate a very large system

        2. It is impossible to decelerate significantly an infinitely small system.

            It is easier to accelerate than decelerate a very small system.

        3. It is easier to accelerate a smaller system than a larger system, and it is easier to decelerate a larger system than a smaller system.

If we consider that large systems will be made up of smaller systems, but it is impossible to compose small systems from larger systems, then we can see that there  is an equilibrium that occurs between smaller subsystems, such that the larger the system the more subsystems that are involved. An infinitely large supersystem incorporates an infinite number of infinitely smaller subsystems. Though individually, it is easier to accelerate a smaller system than a larger system, if smaller sytems are unified within the framework of a larger system, then more smaller systems must be accelerated at the same time to accelerate the larger system. If the general trend mentioned above is true, then we can state the following:

            A very large system composed of smaller subsystems cannot be accelerated to the same degree or level that the smaller subsystems can be if they occur individually.

In the kind of paradigm elaborated above, we are dealing with motion, or the movement of a physical object in both space and time. In general, we may say the following:

1. Any specific object of a finite size, may move in only one direction in both space and time.

2. The spatial and temporal directions of an object are infinitely discrete and instantaneously irreversible.

3. Any finite object cannot move in two different directions at the same time without experience disintegration.

4. An object can change directions or speed only by the application of some counter or tangential force upon the object.

            a. A spatial shift of direction is equivalent to a temporal shift of speed.

            b. Changes of speed or direction are always continuous and hence non-linear; they are never abrupt, discontinuous and linear. An object cannot jump  from a slow speed to a much larger  speed  without making a continuous accleration from the slower to the faster speed--accleration is not discontinous and requires a change of both temporal and spatial dimensions relative to the object.

5. In a uniform field, the relative speed and direction of motion of an object become the relative physical properties of that object in relation to its size. All other things being equal, these relative physical properties will remain unaltered unless acted upon  by some external force or agency.

a. Relative speed and direction of an object are dimensionless properties associated with the size of an object.

In this consideration, we approach a critical theoretical issue that I will call the general field problem. It concerns the integration of space-time in the physical fabric of reality that accounts for these kinds of trends and phenomena. We may say in general that all of physical reality constitutes  a single metasystem that is surrounded by and contained within a total field. The total field defines the limits of the total universe.

We look for a perfectly uniform field of space-time in which to describe relations of perfect motion, direction, acceleration and deceleration.

            1. A perfectly uniform field is either uniformly isotrophic or completely non-isotrophic and static--only a state of singularity describes a perfectly uniform field.

                        a. A perfectly uniform field that is isotrophic is defined directionally by a force acting upon that field.

                        b. A perfectly non-uniform field is totally non-isotrophic because it is perfectly random omnidirectionally, defined by an infinite number of forces acting upon the same field from all directions.

            2. There are no perfectly uniform fields in physical reality. Fields in physical reality are relatively uniform or non-uniform depending upon the direction and degree of forces acting upon that field.

            3. All fields seek relative equilibrium in the largest framework possible. All field equilibrium is in a local sense dynamic equilibrium.

  Applying the size properties of systems above, we may say that a physical field is a metasystem that always surrounds and contains all physical systems or objects within it.

            1. A larger field may contain an infinite number of smaller fields, but a smaller field cannot contain a larger field.

            2. A field system exists that is hierarchically determined by size scale.

             Subfields exist as subframes of reference within larger field systems.

            3. There are no field systems that are totally isolatable from the entire field system.

            4. All field systems are hierarchically organized within a larger field system.

            5. There can be no abrupt or discontinuous transitions between field systems.

The definition of gravitation is critically tied to our understanding and comprehension of the physical field. It is evident that gravitation defines the space-time dimensions of any object in relation to the field in which that object occurs. I will speculate that gravitation is intrinsic to the integrity of the universal field. Gravitation can be said, in other words, to be the kind of negative, attractive force that holds together the universal field on a fundamental level. Any object that occurs  within this field must act against  the gravitational forces that define the integrity of the field.

1. Gravitational energy is fluid and dynamic.

2. Gravitational energy is inherently unified.

3. Gravitational energy is potential energy embedded in the physical field.

4. Gravitational energy can be realized as electromagnetic energy in the interaction of objects within the field.

5. Gravitational energy is non-uniform and non-isotrope in an infinitely large field.

6. Gravitational energy is intrinsic to the universal field.

            a. Gravitational energy is instantaneous.

            b. Gravitational energy is omnidirectional.

            c. Gravitational energy is negative energy.

            d. Gravitational energy is non-uniform in the larger frame.

            e. Gravitational energy appears to have self-mass, and this self-mass can be said to be the minimal energy required to displace the gravitational frame in some isotrophic manner.  

7. All physical objects are embedded within the gravitational field and the gravitational field defines the space-time properties of an object.

8. Physical objects contain concentrated and isotrophic gravitational fields in their own mass--the measure of their mass is a measure of their gravitational concentration.

            a. The more concentrated (massive) an object, the larger the gravitational frame of reference that integrates that object to the gravitational field.

9. The integration of any physical object with its surrounding gravitational frame of reference, or field, is defined gravitationally.

            a. There can exist no objects that are not  gravitationally integrated.

            b. There can exist no discontinuities of the gravitational field.

The gravitational concentration of an object in its relative field can be defined and measured by the total degree of positive energy that is contained within that object, in the equivalence of energy to mass. It appears therefore that gravitational energy interacts with positive energy, largely defined as electromagnetic radiation, in interesting and important ways.

All positive forms of matter and energy have the property of mass, which can be said to be relative gravitational relation to the field in which they  occur.

No positive object can exist at a temperature of Absolute Zero, which can be described as a state of no kinetic energy or motion of its fundamental constituents. All positive objects must exist in some state of kinetic motion. This kinetic motion on a fundamental level defines the interaction between the energy contained within the object and the gravitational energy defined within the field that it contains. This interaction appears to involve a fundamental transfer of energy between the gravitational field and the matter contained within the object at a subatomic level. This interaction is best realized on a size scale of large, gravitationally unified objects in which gravitational forces create strong concentrative pressures within the object, leading to the continuous generation of radiant heat energy. On a fundamental level, this interaction of gravitational and non-gravitational energy leads to the concentrative focus of the attractive potential of gravitational energy to some threshold beyond which such energy is transferred or changed into positive, radiative energy that escapes from the system. This process is a period and continuous process. The kinetic motion of all object sytems, however small, appears to be a consequence of this process of gravitational concentration and transformation. Another, gross way of describing this process is to state that gravitational energy is latent in the universal field, and is only realizable as positive energy in interaction with mass based (i.e. concentrative) physical systems.

Motion in the universe may take one of three forms:

            1. Spontaneous kinetic motion that is the consequence of gravitational interaction with concentrative forces and that is intrinsic to all positive forms of matter and energy.

            2. Reactive directional motion that is the consequence of the interaction of energy and matter upon one another.

            3. Responsive gravitational motion that is the consequence of the interaction of concentrated mass systems with the isotrope field--motion that is the consequence of the flow of the the gravitational field.

We can only explain the origins of the universe and of the matter and energy it contains in relation to the locally isotrope concentration of gravitational energies in a dynamic field that lead to the production of electromagnetic energy. In an originally empty universe, this can only be defined by the rise of gravitational surges or tidal waves that interacted in a manner to produce heat energy.  This dynamic motion only arose stochastically as a possibility of the fluid dynamics of the gravitational field. It is possible that this original energy is produced as microwave radiation or as heat radiation that red-shifts to microwave frequencies. On another scale, the same concentrative energies of the non-uniform and dynamic gravitational field can lead to the concentrative interaction of electromagnetic energies in the production of nucleonic material. Electrons and positrons can be produced by the collision of photons. Positrons may be concentrated to create protons and electrons-positrons may be concentrated to create neutrons. The effect of this production at different levels is continuous and cumulative in the sense that it leads to an increasing amounts of electromagnetic radiation and matter stockpiling in the universe. In time, concentrative forces gather to greater and greater degrees. Eventually, concentrative forces can become not only  constructive of positive energy, but  destructive or disintegrative as well. A black hole can be seen as a physical  limit of gravitational concentration such that the matter is so concentrated that it leads to a disintegration of the gravitational field back into its non-isotrope  substrate--as a result, it can be said that such black holes create gravitational vortices in the universal field that open out into new spatio-temporal dimensional fields.

The universe on a fundamental level can be said to be expanding and growing, just as it is increasing in its dynamic equilibrium, but because it is infinite in size, it can increase dynamically in an infinite sense.

The gravitational field can only flow in space-time at a speed no faster than light. The motion of objects in space-time is equivalent to the flow of the field in relation to the object. This flow is experienced as relative space-time relations. Objects in a gravitationally concentrative field accelerate at uniform speeds in congruence with the isotrophic direction of concentrative flow of the gravitational field. The  speed of light therefore defines the upper limit of kinetic motion of all objects and of the space-time field itself, just as Absolute Zero defines the lower limit of such kinetic motion. At the same time, gravitational energy, as a form of attractive energy that integrates the universal field, always transmits itself in an instantaneous manner. An object or its gravitational manifold cannot flow faster than the speed of light, for if it did so, then its periodic processes would reach zero and would be reversed. The gravitational field would disintegrate as such, as gravitational forces of attraction and concentration would break down. Another way of looking at this is to state that the gravitational field cannot flow as fast as it can propagate itself through space-time in an instantaneous sense without disruptive and disintegrative effects occurring to the field. The speed of light can therefore be considered to be a kind of threshold speed of flow of space-time, beyond which the force of gravitational integration would diminish and breakdown.

Gravitational energy that composes  the universal field can be said to be itself of peculiar properties. It is both particulate and non-particulate in form. It exists in a unified sense that ions can be said to exist in solution. It is like a vast multi-dimensional sea that is defined by its size scale and its equivalence to energy and mass. It must be universally synchronous and periodic in the sense that the same instant, as a fourth dimensional wave-front, occurs simultaneously on earth as it occurs on alpha Centuari or in the Omega Galaxy. It appears to exist on such an infinitesimal scale that spatial-temporal relationships as these are experienced on an atomic scale or higher do not occur in exactly  the same manner. It appears elastic and rubbery such that the uniform sheet that unfolds in the fourth dimension across the entire universe does so in distended and non-uniform ways. It is stretched here and squeezed there, the stretching and squeezing altering the fundamental size and temporal relationships of things found within the manifold. In a positive sense of light energy and mass, the gravitational field appears empty and void, perfectly uniform and virtually transparent to light energy. And yet it appears that we can take a cubic meter of space, as it occurs per second or per hour, and weigh it and assign to it some minimal energy level that is intrinsic to its gravitational potential. Different energies may pass through this cubic meter in all directions and all intensities without apparent disruptive effect upon the space-time fabric. This cubic meter may be pulled and pushed gravitationally from many different directions at one time--it may be stretched and squeezed and folded, and yet always appear to occupy one cubic meter.

As a phase phenomenon, its properties appear to be more fluid-like than solid or gaseous, if such phase transitions can be imagined with the gravitational field. Fluidity of substance is defined by attractive forces that are inherently dynamic and kinetic, and yet which are in continuous equilibrium. A simple analogy may help us to understand this principle. If solid matter can be seen as a kind of solid-phase of space-time that is locked, then electromagnetic radiation can be seen as a kind of perfect gas that is expansive and radiative in all directions. Gravitational energy within the field can be described then as a intermediate phase between the solid form of matter and the gaseous form of electromagnetic radiation.

If the gravitational field flows, then it flows in directions defined by motion and at speeds defined kinetically.  It leaves no vacuum or wake in its path, only a disequilibrium that is like a boundary layer. This disequilibrium is a gradient of transition of flow--similar to a stretching effect that tends to pull the rest of the gravitational field into the wake. It results in a kind of continuous gravitational displacement.

An object in motion causes continuous field-displacement of the gravitational frame of reference, or manifold. This displacement must balance in equilibrium within the larger fields within which it occurs in a continuous manner.

The gravitational field may, in its temporal front, be periodically non-isotrophic and non-uniform, such that all flows are but locally defined isotrophisms of this continuous front. The challenge is being able to account for the phenomenon of gravitational unification and integration, at whatever scale of measurement. How does the universe hold itself together in a consistent manner. If we go back to our original properties of size, we can see that an infinitely large system will be infinitely  slow, and an infinitely small system will be infinitely fast, and in a sense both an infinitely large and an infinitely small system will exist in equilibrium with one another. An infinitely fast system will in essence exist everywhere at once--it will be an instantaneous system in which the same point can be realized at multiple places at the same time. An infinitely slow system will be in essence a system that is frozen, that will exist without any periodic processes occurring at all, or, in other words, a system that exists as an infinite  singularity or total uniformity. An infinitely slow system exists nowhere at the any one time. We can extend the possibility of heisenbergian uncertainty and Einsteinian probability by saying that in an infinitely large or infinitely fast or infinitely small or infinitely slow system, the same point may exist simultaneously at multiple points at the same time, and simultaneously exist nowhere at the same time. I define this principle as universal relativity of the physical field. These principles appear to defy our conventional notions of isotrophic motion and direction as mentioned above. The uniform gravitational field appears vacuous and empty because, in one sense, it  is, just like light energy in one sense appears to be particle like and in another sense wave like. The gravitational field also appears to be simultaneously integrated and non-vacuous, because, in another sense, it is. It appears that there is a threshold of kinetic motion, both high and low, beyond which the definite  periodicities and sense of motional direction vanishes. Beyond this level, the uniform gravitational field can be said to be fundamentally omnidirectional at the same time.

The gravitational field, expressed as isotrope, localized space-time, can flow only in one direction and at some finite  speed at one time--it cannot flow faster than itself. Light energy too, cannot travel faster than the speed of light either. If it did so, then it would break down into gravitational energy.

I define infinite simultaneity and singularity as the fundamental threshold for gravitational unification. It defines the ultimate energy sink or background reservoir from which all energies are derived and to which all energies must ultimately return. This defines the universal fabric of the background gravitational field of the universe. In a sense it is without temporal or spatial dimensionally. It is totally incorporating at the same time. It can be described as the metafield that incorporates the total universe. This system must be  infinite and inherently dimensionless in all senses.

If gravitational energies may be concentrative in one set of isotrope directions, it can be equally expansive in all non-isotrope directions. If a region of space-time is pulled from all directions simultaneously, then there is so a degree of stretching of the gravitational field that it must result in a rupture of the field that would result in the filling in of the rupture with continuous space-time. This space-time may be produced from nothing, or be drawn from other areas of the total universe.

If we take our standard cubic meter of empty space, we cannot be certain of the exact gravitational flows that are passing through this space--would could not be certain either of the exact shape or the relative size of our cube within some larger gravitational frame of reference. In fact, it would be entirely possible for an infinite amount of gravitational energy to be flowing through our standard frame of reference in a countless number of directions. Each direction would define a significant vector constituting that system in a particular instant, and there may be a number of different significant vectors influencing the common composite vector.

At the same time, unless this gravitational differential is somehow realized in a positive form, we might say that all the cumulative energies passing through our standard frame in any given period are essentially, or effectively zero. The isomorphic dynamics of our frame would  only be  realized in the context of some object that was set into such a system, and the presence of this object itself would have its own net influence upon the system that would have to be taken into account.

Another way of stating all this is to say that in a universally relative system, there are no set or standard frames of reference by which to measure and compare all the motions and energies occurring in such a system in a uniform manner. All measurements or determinations made of such a system would be relative to the net dynamic motion of the frame itself, and the gravitational frame of reference for the frame, as well as for  ourselves at the same time. At the same time, unless we have some other object by which to determine energies, we have a net effect in such a system of cancellation. Such a system would appear to be empty unless and until an object impinged upon it in an isotrope manner.

Another aspect of this is  the notion of a number of "vanishing points" of our observational sphere of reality beyond which we cannot see. We cannot see beyond the speed of light, hence our view of the cosmos is critically constrained by light-speed such that we cannot see an instantaneous universe to any great distance from ourselves. We cannot see below a certain level of smallness either--it appears that when we reach the size of quarks, standard visible object relations disappears. Furthermore, I believe we cannot look directly into a black hole from which no light can escape, to see what might actually be happening or to look beyond the porthole that a black hole creates. It is possible though to infer the possibility of the existence of physical realities even beyond such vanishing points, or horizons of our own spheres of observation. We can infer logically and as a result of our experience that some kind of instantaneous universe does exist, and we can conjecture on the structure of sub-sub-atomic particles  even if we have no means of observing these entities in any direct fashion.

*****

Natural systems can be described in their state-path trajectories as nonlinear and underdetermined systems that are fundamentally chaotic. Many of their properties are emergent from the chaotic patterning that is a consequence of this essential chaos. This can be found on both fundamental physical and biological levels, and a case can be made as well for the fundamental chaos of natural human intelligence. It is remarkable, I believe, that remarkably stable derivative systems can be produced from basically chaotic and underdetermined patterns. These stable structural forms can then be further organized into emergent and elaborated meta-systems, preserving both the fundamental sense of stability and chaos upon which they are based.

All other things being equal, a kind of theory of large numbers applies to natural systems:

Larger systems are more stable and conservative than smaller systems.

More complex systems are more stable and conservative than less complex systems.

We can generalize statistically upon larger systems and their main trends, though we cannot direct observe these trends in the operations of particular subsystems.

Time as a Universal Property of Graviational Unification

Time is considered a dimensional property. It appears to exhibit  close relationship with mass and energy systems. We conceive of time as an ongoing continuum of the present. It strikes me that the key facet of understanding the relevance of time is to understand that it is a manifestation of the integration of reality in a simultaneous sense, and it stands therefore  at fundamental odds with our relativistic conception of space-time as being fundamentally conditioned by the speed of light, which condition creates a kind of observational event horizon to our ability to see the universe, in a contemporaneous manner. The presupposition of universal simultaneity stems from:

            1. The basic observation of simultaneity within a local framework, and the consistency of pattern of distribution over time, including the ability to predict the synchronous motions and movements of distant bodies over  time.

            2. A basic assumption about the fundamental temporal continuity of structure of systems in the universe, derived from observations as in one above.

A way of understanding this presupposition of universal simultaneity is with the model of a rubber sheet. If we can imagine the entire universe placed upon a rubber sheet that is contiguous in all directions, then this sheet can be twisted and turned and stretched and folded in many different directions at once, and yet the basic distribution of objects along the sheet, according to its surface, would not change significantly. All things that occur simultaneously on the rubber sheet, will occur at the same instant. The entire sheet will experience time within the same continuum, regardless of its distorted shape  or its distribution.

Time has a continuous structure, but it appears as if natural phenomena on a basic level have a periodic structure that is a function of time.  The underlying structure of time affects the relative periodicity that is associated with this structure.

Relativistic dilation of time is the consequence of the changed energy that is expressed in the system, and this is possibly a function of the altered mass of the system within which the light is capture. We can consider this relationship in something like the following:

T_p(E) = M(G_x)

In this formula, T_p would be the time relative to the frame it occurs within a given system, as this would be determined by periodic structures

E is the total energy that is associated with such a system

M is the measure of total mass of the system

G is the gravitationa potential of the system coupled with unknown variables.

It can be seen in this kind of formula, that as the total energy of the system would be in inverse relationship to the periodic increase of time, such that as the energy of a system increased, its periodicity would decrease, and vice versa, as the energy of a system decreased, its periodic structure might increase.

It is clear that these relationships are in equilibrium with the measure of mass, which is a function of the gravitational field in which such systems occur. The dimensional (or possibly, dimensionless) property of time appears to be embedded in the structure of gravitation as a universal phenomena, such that this gravitational phenomenon confers upon all structures a periodic phenomena.

Within this framework, all change events would be synchronously coordinated within the larger frame of reference that it occurs. It can be considered that even relatively stationary objects exhibit some form of intrinsic and intrinsic motion, and are involved in change events that are of a periodic structure. Gravitational displacement and replacement that are hypothesized to occur in all matter reflect the continuously changing structure of even objects of relatively dense and solid mass.

The implicit rule that is being followed, in a universal sense, is that all change events must be continuous and coordinate within a larger system of gravitational relations, such that they are rendered synchronically simultaneous in the "now" with all other change events occurring in our universe. The structure of the universe then is like a forever unfolding field of "now" that is spread forever in all directions. This "instantaneous field structure" unfolds continuously and confers a periodic pattern to all events. All historical structures and state-path trajectories and developmental sequences within this structure can be considered chaotic.

Within this framework of understanding, the function of mass relations in gravitational fields may boil down to the problem of synchronic coordination of structures that operate at different levels of energy or within different gravitational frameworks. The concept of gravitational unification may, likewise, involve the synchronization of all periodic clocks within the framework of the gravitational system. Synchronization of clocks would entail that they achieve an equilibrium of energy such that they function at the same relative periodicities of structure. An object falling from a height to earth is having its clock "reset" to be in synch with that of the earth. The basis of its communication is gravitation, and this is felt in terms of increased mass and directional motional displacement toward the earth. The object only achieves this temporal synchronization with the earth when it comes to a complete stop somewhere upon the earth's surface.

To understand how this temporal synchronization may work in terms of gravitational replacement and displacement, it is perhaps necessary to understand that "spin" of a certain kind or form of fundamental constituent particle/events may become harmoniously synchronized with other "event-entities." The fundamental spin may be akin to its periodic motion--the spinning of the wheels of time itself, so to speak.  This spin may relate to the relative mass of the object, a fundamental property of the object in terms of mass spin which may be the source, among other things, of gravitational radiation.

Understanding the temporal dimensionality of the universe is a critical point in the development of a theory of universal relativity. It predicts for instance that the gravitational field of the total universe may exist in a kind of timelessness. As a total energy system it may not have time associated with it, such that it lasts forever, in a sense, without fundamental change. Related to this would be the instantaneous and simultaneous structure of the gravitational field and of the gravitational clocks of all objects embedded in the field. If gravitational effects, possibly by a kind of universal quantum, can be found anywhere instantaneously in the universe, then dimensions of time and space become irrelevant to the system.

In this framework, occurrences such as the explosion of energy from fusion reactions or fission chain reactions, that involve mass defect of atomic systems, may be more accurately explained by the instantaneous realization of thermodynamic energy from the gravitational field by the sudden change in mass relations, and clocks, of the system. In such a case, energy realized in proportion to the mass defect would be drawn from anywhere and everywhere in the universe simultaneously, without affecting its realization or its field in any other way.

The changing inertia of an accelerating object may be a function of the drag of gravitational field-lines that are the result of the shifting synchronization of the clocks associated with the object in its background field. This gravitational energy would be realized instantaneously, and may come from anywhere or everywhere in the universe simultaneously. What is changed, is the frequency or likelihood of occurrence of denser gravitational effects in a particular area or point or direction, than in the surrounding area.

*****

In spite of all this digression, we have still not answered clearly what exactly is the gravitational field or how exactly gravitational unification is achieved.

We conceptualize time as something that is deep and that goes on forever. We see it as a line of duration, always unfolding in the present, stretching out  into the past, and leading into the future. When we think of time, we think of the duration of the Great Pyramids and the transience of great civilizations. We think of the longevity of life and the temporariness of the Great Dinosaurs. We think of the age of the Sun and the Big Bang.

We associate with our conception of time things that remain unchanged and endure for eons, and things that are transient and ephemeral in a single day, like the rising and setting of the sun.

Time is a continuously emerging present. It has always been just this, and no more. It has no intrinsic sense of past and knows and tells us nothing about the future. It happens, happens, happens, and still happens each moment we think about it and draw another breath.

A paradigm of gravitational integration:

            a. All attractive forces have reciprocal transference of energy that exist in dynamic equilibrium. As gravitational points emerge, space-time is created, and this emergence is interconnected with surrounding points that are contemporaneous or of the same period structures.

            b. Gravitational integration is based upon a principle of universal simultaneity. Zeroeth infinitesimal singularity describes the translational structure of the gravitational matrix.

            1. Though the cumulative effects of gravitation are felt mainly in the large, the immediate causes of gravitation occur on a very discrete level in a local sense. In other words, it is possible that gravitation only exists on a very local level, at some maximum dimensionally, before its effect breaks down or becomes disrupted or rather "interrupted".

            2. Gravitational patterning can be described as the continous emergence and articulation of successive "points" in space-time that can be said to blink in and out of existence continously.

            3. Gravitational patterning on an infinitesimal level may possibly contain regions of "nothingness" within its reticulational structure in which time nor sense of space  occur as properties.

            c. Gravitation appears to be continuously emergent in a chaotic manner in multiple points, that can be well described by chaos theory and Mandelbrot sets.

            d. Time is a sense of the continuous recreation of integration and pattern of gravitation on a momentary and instantaneous basis. Sense of time (definable physically as periodic process) is an emergent property of gravitational integration.

            e. Differential probabilistic densities of gravitational points in space-time describe patterns of dynamic flux of the gravitational field that is in dynamic equilibrium and the leads to gravitational effects that are observable. We can refer to these densities in a kind of statistics of probabilistic realities, involving an inherent or exact uncertainty. We see isotrophic directions in this field as composite vectorial forces, or tensors, continously emergent at various points and defining in a hybrid sense gravitational field lines and structures that can be described in gross terms.

            f. All physical structures are gravitationally dynamic and exist in some form of gravitational equilibrium with its surroundings. Empty physical space itself, what can be thought of as a perfect thermodynamic vacuum, can be said to yet remain gravitationally dynamic with its surroundings.

            g. Physical mass objects, particles, chemicals, compounds and their mixtures, that appear to be stable, on a gravitational level are continuously interacting with their gravitational surroundings in such a way as that there is a sense of continuous gravitational replacement and displacement occuring within the material structure. The consequence of this is that objects become gravitationally unified within a shared space-time context as a single gravitational system. This entails that periodic process of the object are influenced critically by this unification.

            h. Gravitational dynamics underlies thermodynamics and is the basis for all change and periodic process in the universe.

 

Physical Systems

by Hugh M. Lewis