Chapter II

The Space-Time Construct and the Dynamic-State Universe

Universal Symmetry, Causality, Conservation, Complementarity & Equivalence

by Hugh M. Lewis

The theory of universal relativity begins with the presupposition that on a very basic level, there is a fundamental unity between physical reality and space-time. The consequences of this are many, and lead to some amazing paradoxes about physical reality.

In this theoretical reinterpretation that premises an ethereal space-time substance at a sub-subatomic level, all observable physical reality is composed of a minimal space-time unit far smaller than an atom that I have called "spime." (In a sense, spime is an atom of an atom) Spime has characteristics of elastic energy, non-particularity, angular spin momentum, periodic harmonic oscillation and spatio-temporal complementarity. It is ubiquitous.

Hypothetically, all spime in the universe spins in the same fundamental direction, and leads to duality of geometrical structure of the universe derived from a double-helical shape of the structure occurring as an alternating phase-pattern. This spin is the equivalent of time that is trapped as energy in space.

I hypothesize the concept of universal symmetry that is derived from quantum field theory, such that we may assume spime and sub-spime units that occur in opposite directions of orientation than are presumed to exist for this observable physical universe. This suggests the existence of both a kind of super (or sub) symmetry as well as the coexistence of multiple alternative space-time constructs.

If two spime units that spin in the opposite direction came into contact, then they would mutually annihilate one another. My speculation is that the entire universe may be one based upon a "right-handed" (arbitrarily) spin characteristic of spime, suggesting that there may be out there somewhere a complementary "left-handed" space-time construct. If we could imagine a left-handed spinning helix within a right-handed spinning helix, then we could imagine the possibility of a reverse universe completely interpenetrating our own, but without ever coming into physical contact with one another. This is the possibility of a co-occurring parallel universe that I assume to be unlikely.

I speculate that the spime structure may consist of helical shaped coils bound together along the same axis and spinning in the same primary direction. This coil tends to accrete free "n-particulate" entities to constitute a "double helix structure" that exists in a higher energy threshold. This double helix structure may account for some properties of the hypothetical spime. For instance, their physical separation might result in alternative binding energies that lead to separate pathways.

In a sense, spime cohere in a vast invisible matrix that composes everything, including the densest of matter and the void of space itself. The fundamental aspect of this matrix is its spatio-temporal continuity.

Spime in the matrix blink at a steady rate. This blinking is held to be a natural harmonic property that occurs at a constant periodicity. This blinking propagates through the matrix as waves occurring at uniform velocities equal to or slightly greater than the speed of light. Blinking is spontaneous, regular and a measure of their rate of replacement within alternative spime matrices.

Blinking is a kind of complementary oscillation or alternation between spatialized and temporized states. In essence, its physical distribution is totally random, regulated only by one principle, that two proximate spime cannot blink at the same place and time. This implies that the binding force that controls the periodic oscillation of the spime unit is associated with the relative state of the neighboring spime. This is a principle of non-discontinuity of spime structure that can be deduced from the idea of non-simultaneity of mass, if we assume a universal equivalence at a basic level between these physical information patterns. It leads to physical patterning that is gravitationally dynamic.

The external spime construct constitutes what we think of as normal space-time in the voids of the vast intergalactic regions of space, and represents a minimal threshold energy state that is equally aligned in both the vertical (temporal) and horizontal (spatial) axis. Technically speaking, these are not vertical or horizontal, but can be construed from a kind of vector of space-time. Arbitrarily the temporal axis of the vector is set to the vertical axis, and space to the horizontal.

Spime is also found in internal matrix patterns that constitute mass-objects of physical-matter.

The third intermediary range of patterning is found mostly in the differential regions occurring in the gravitational fields between the external and internal matrices, and intermediately in all matrices as relatively unstable transition states and possibly also within the core of extremely strong internalized matrices.

The structure of the spime matrix is alterable or "malleable" on any scale. It can be compressed or expanded in relativisitic but stable and predictable ways. This malleability of the spime matrix results in the phenomena of dynamic differentials of continuous gravitational displacement & spime replacement.

Normally, continuous displacement occurs as gravitational energy arising only from internalized spime matrices of bound mass-energy states. Replacement occurs naturally as spime propagation in external spime matrices of unbound mass-energy states, which is the equivalent of motion. It is an inherent pattern the alternating nature of spime, and is the basis for all physical change processes in the universe, including our understanding of time.

Spime flows through the universe, and physical objects, except perhaps for hypothetical super-mass objects, are essentially semi- transparent to spime, consuming spime at continuous rates that leads to gravitational displacement. The minimal coherence of this structure is that blinking & rates of replacement at the finite level must occur in one direction in time and space, and must occur in a continuous manner that suggests chaining.

If spime displacement occurs in a temporal state, gravitational or electromagnetic radiation may be produced in the form of a photon. A photon represents a liberated set of temporalized spime units that are bound together in a strand and in which the ends of the structure are open and unconnected. If such displacement occurs in specific areas of space-time, represented by centers of gravitation, then gravitational or gravitoidal radiation is produced very similar to thermodynamic radiation. A gravitoid may represent a single helical spime structure in which the ends are closed upon themselves, or else two such strands bound together in such a way as to be polar neutral.

Spime structure comes in two sets of patterns, and in an intermediary range of dynamic spime that resembles fluid. Internalized spime matrices tend to be very stable, high-energy states that constitute all physical matter. Externalized matrices tend to be relatively minimally stable, low-energy states.

Gravitational energy cannot be spontaneously produced from the external matrix, but can only arise from the bound high-energy states of the internalized matrix. But gravitational energy arising from internalized matrices has the effect of reacting upon the external matrix to melt the matrix to a higher energy gradient that is equivalent to the contact surface between internal and external matrices. Gravitational energy, as energy that is equivalent to momentum, can be transferred to the external matrix, as well as to other mass-bound gravitating bodies, but it cannot itself arise from the external matrix. The external matrix can only flow in the direction of gravitational propagation as a result of the energy propagation and transfer. Flow of spime is the equivalent to the gravitational concentration of internal spime that has nowhere (and no time) to flow to.

Gravitational radiation arises as the consequence of mass-binding of spime matrix into an internalized high-energy structure. It is the natural result of the spontaneous alternation of the rigid internalized spime in a state that cannot move and is released as gravitational radiation much as electromagnetic radiation is released at the atomic level.

Spime displacement cannot lead directly to mass-binding of energy, but suggests that mass binding of energy is the result of several alternative processes:

Subatomic particles predicted under variations of the covering law model would represent various discrete combinations of these alternative states.

A minimal nuclear structure is suggested by the nucleonic conglomeration of spime. In this model, helix structures become unbound and rebind with similarly charged structures to form larger mass bodies.

Binding energies resulting in strong & weak forces are the cumulative and dynamic consequence of the elastic binding energies of spime

Spime replacement occurs at regular relative rates whatever the fixed or bound state.

Bound states represent differential matrices of relative spime distribution that results in alternative properties associated with a particular state.

I speculate that the spime unit exists in alternate states, and these alternating states define its temporal and spatial dimensions. A model of how this works is to imagine a small helical spring that can be compressed or stretched, and that attaches at either end to other similar springs. This spring rotates continuously along its main axis, and this rotation is the source and value of its energy potential. Now the spatial and temporal dimensionality of this spring is a function of its relative direction. Temporal rotation is a function of the flipping of the central axis to the "vertical" direction, while a purely spatial orientation is along the "horizontal" axis.

Energy released from this matrix is always released in a vertical direction, though the energy itself may be released as either more vertical or horizontal in spin. The relative direction of the axis of spin describes the alternative geometries that these energies can propagate in. In this model, gravitationally dynamic energy, including thermodynamic energy that may be a chain of vertically oriented spime, is always released from the spime matrix at right angles to its theoretical rest (spatial) state, much like magnetic radiation proceeding perpendicularly from the direction of electric current. Gravitoids release from the spime matrix only within very dense conditions. In this model then, thermodynamic photons may be composites of single strand spime helices, carrying greater energy and greater mass, that are shifted to the vertical axis.

Gravitoids released from internal spime matrices contained in normal matter have the effect of gravitational spime replacement of other spime within the external spime matrix, the result of which is a relative compression of the spring to a degree that the rate of fluid alternation speeds up. The matrix begins to flow in the direction of the source of gravitation. Other spime cannot be released from external matrix, but only replaced by neighboring spime.

In this structure, spime cannot be clearly said to be a distinct unit or just a part of a large matrix structure. It exists in several alternative states coordinate within a larger system. The geometries and properties of these alternative states define the foundations for all physical processes occurring in the universe.

Compression of the matrix occurs in two ways. Acceleration of a body serves to compress the matrix along the axis of direction. Mass of a body also serves to compress the surrounding matrix along the axis of the source of gravity. Compression along one axis may mean the tilting of the axis in the direction of the opposite axis, until a point is reached that it slips into the alternate energy-state.

Spontaneous alternation suggests that spime aligned approximately with the vertical or horizontal axis are far more stable and at lower energy thresholds than spime that tend to align with the diagonal axis. Spime that are shifted to the diagonal occur at a higher energy state, and tend to want to move in one direction or the other at the peak threshold.

External spime cannot spontaneously emit gravitoids, only transmit them through the propagative field, and exchange energy with them. External spime can only "melt" into a fluid pattern concomitant to their being maintained along a "diagonal" axis.

Internal spime that are bound within a spatialized energy state, can only "melt" to a fluid pattern concomitant to their acceleration to higher velocities. Acceleration has the effect of shifting the axis of spin to the diagonal in otherwise fairly stable spatialized structures.

I believe that internal spime matrices under great gravitational pressures may also become shifted to diagonal axii, to the point that they exhibit similar melting effects close to the origin of gravity.

The alternation may be accounted for by a sense that the bipolar distribution of the two coiled helices tends to pull the spime in one of two directions, a temporalized vertical axis and spatialized horizontal axis. They may trade off energy levels, such that when one coil is in an energized state, it tends towards its own preferential position, and vice-versa. The flipping may be the consequence of the normal trading off of energy between the two interwoven springs.

If energy is shed or given from the spime, it is either done so as a complete entity or as a partial energy coil. If one state is shed of, it propagates in the vertical dimension comparable to electromagnetic energy. If the other is shed, it propagates in the horizontal direction comparable to spime-gravitational geometry. In this sense, the structure of the spime remains intact, even if it is missing half its energy state.

Spime shifted to the vertical axis that results in its thermodynamic or gravitational propagation, does not state-alternate unless it is returned to a horizontal position within the spime matrix. Instead of alternating, they tend naturally to blink in a phase structure, as if they were shifting to the horizontal. They propagate as if they were half-whole units. The alternating continues, but has no where to alternate to outside of the spime matrix.

In this sense, we can refer to the dominant grain of space-time as being along the spatial vectorial dimension, and the dependent cross-grain in the temporal vector. Electromagnetic and gravitational radiation normally propagate cross-grain, while normal space-time normally flows with the grain. Propagating across the grain does not mean that it necessarily losses its energy doing so. It entails that it is relatively independent in such a state of the normal spime-flow gravitational dynamics.

One interesting characteristic of gravitational energy that must be accounted for is the precise orientation of all radiation from the virtual origin of the center of gravity, or source region of gravitational attraction. This orientation suggest that all spime within an internal spime matrix become lined axially in a horizontal direction relative to this region of origin, such that propagation always occurs away from the center at right angles to it. This would suggest a layering or embedding effect, and a kind of gravitational stratigraphy of spime within internal matrices.

One consequence of such layering is the release of spime from the matrix, concomitant to their normal rates of alternation with the replacement of spime to fill in the missing places of the matrix. Spime of the external matrix must be transparent to spime of the internal matrix. The internal matrix of spime forms a kind of crystallitic structure, more rigid than in the external matrix, that results in holes through which spime may pass and gravitational energy be released. It is my speculation that within the internal spime matrix, spime becomes oriented along a diagonal axis that represents a maximally compressed state. It remains essentially as spatiallized time. It is like a spring waiting to pop loose of its structure.

Spontaneous alternation can be described as the complementary phase structure of the spime, and I speculate that this alternation occurs at a constant rate. State alternation allows the spime to undergo a continuous change. In a sense, it can flow directionally in a pattern of energy transfer through the matrix. The only requirement for this flow to occur is that there is a kind of digital synchronization such that each subsequent spime alternates in tandem sequence to the previous one. This is equivalent to the spime matrix, say along a horizontal axis, moving in a direction through the alternating propagational field. There is a sense that this structure is analogous to the digital model, a digital structure of the universe that alternates between 1 and 0.

In internal spime dynamics, the matrix comes to organize itself in such a manner as to make possible the release of gravitoids on a continuous basis. In a sense, propagation would travel around the structure until the point of its origin. At this point it would be released because it would be in a state of fundamental disequilibrium with the original starting point. Continuity of the structure would be retained, but at the loss of the gravitational energy that is a natural consequence of differential of spontaneous alternation. If a hole is opened in the structure, it requires replacement. Spime replacement has no where natural to flow to in its normal attempts at propagational alternation, hence energy is regularly released along the temporal dimension, creating a hole to be replaced by more spime.

To understand this structure, we must look at what we know of atomic structures. It suggests a breaking down of the fluid structure or chain-work of the external matrix, and a deposition of spime into spherical or bound circular arrangements aligned along the horizontal axis. These bound states may adopt their own spin orientations. It is possible that in such a state, horizontally bound clusters segregate from similar vertically bound structures that form their own temporally organized spheres. In a sense, the local binding energies that keep an electron in the spherical pattern about a central nucleus creates a little mini-center of gravity internal to the nucleus.

Thus, perhaps we can understand the strong and weak forces of quantum mechanics to be essentially derivative of basic gravitational forces of spime in bound states. These forces come to organize themselves at a level of matter about a common center of gravity, which has the effect of rendering uniform the many little mini-centers of gravity found in atomic nuclei to a common axis of spin orientation.

In a bound state, atomic nuclei bound in a horizontal chain linkage, emit gravitational energy in the form of gravitoids because the chains have no where else to link to.

This is the basic informational patterning of the universe at a very very infinitesimal level, that allows for the coherence and continuity of the entire patterning of the universe.

The spinning helical structure of the spime presents an interesting possibility that other spime may pass through it at along its perpendicular axis, without resulting in disruption of the spime, but possibly passing energy to it. In this sense, we can imagine two basic geometricized fields, one primarily thermodynamic, the other basically gravitationally dynamic, co-occurring within the same structure.

Spime constitutes a universal matrix within which all observable physical phenomena are embedded. This matrix is amazingly uniform throughout the universe, and accounts for all change occurring in the universe. The natural tendency of the spime-matrix is to seek a "relaxed state" that I call universal equilibrium. Universal equilibrium in the external spime matrix is the equivalent of the state of unity in an internal spime matrix.

Gravitational energies are produced from the dynamic alteration of the spime matrix that is the result of differential densities of the matrix as constituted by mass-object physical existence, whether this is physical matter or electromagnetic energy. Mass can be defined as the rate of spime replacement within a mass-body. It is continuous and non-thermodynamic.

Space-time is literally absorbed into the mass body at continuous rates. This process of absorption or continuous accretion creates the effect of continuous gravitational displacement, particularly the uniform acceleration of free falling bodies in a uniform gravitational field. Space-time literally pulls its embedded physical objects into the gravitational field of a larger mass-object. Continuous replacement of spime of any mass-object leads to consideration of the relativity of mass, and results in the phenomena of gravitational displacement.

Spime replacement is held to be a theoretical causal explanation for all observed phenomena of physical change in the universe, which is the essential characteristic of time. Mass objects, even in a hypothetical state of rest, exhibit intrinsic properties of continuous change in a manner directly equivalent to their velocity.

Several central principles emerge in this model.

1. The universal complementarity of space-time.

2. The principle of universal equivalence of all space-time states & constructs.

3. The principle of universal causality of change in space-time, such that:

All change events are universally synchronized in time and space and there can be no discontinuity of such change events, and the synchronization of change events tends to be relativistically dynamic leading to differential fields or gradients of change pattern.

4. The presumption of a principle of absolute equilibrium, such that:

All space-time seeks an ideal state of absolute equilibrium. This is the equivalent of absolute zero in thermodynamics. It can be thought of as a state of absolute rest, and are

5. Derivative relativistic presuppositions such as the relativity of mass, motion and synchronization of change events such that:

The binding of space-time (spime) into alternative stable states is relative to the differential properties of pattern exhibited by alternative states in space and time.

6. The presumption of a uniform constant of the universal speed of energetic propagation that is assumed to be either equal to or slightly greater than the speed of light.

Physical change processes as explained by the spime replacement model suggest a set of principles that I will refer to as the universal complementarity of change. These principles constitute the basics of what I would refer to as "Space-time dynamics."

Essentially:

0. Nothing cannot exist.

1. If something exists, it was created. If something was created, it can be destroyed.

2. Something cannot be turned into nothing, but only into something else.

3. Conversion processes occur which transform something into something else at a different level of phenomenal pattern.

4. Reconversion processes occur which transform something into something else and something else back into something.

5. It is easier to reconvert something from a high-energy bound state to a lower energy unbound state than it is to convert something from a low energy unbound state to a high-energy bound state.

Conversion/re-conversion processes occur in the following pathways that constitute a paradigm of universal causality:

Spime to gravitation (gravitation to spime)

Gravitation to energy (energy to gravitation, energy to spime)

Energy to mass (mass to energy, gravitation, spime)

Other possible pathways are suggested within this paradigm. Super-mass is a hypothetical construct, but should exhibit super densities similar to what can be described in a black hole.

Mass to super-mass (super-mass to energy, mass, gravitation, spime)

Another fundamental pathway is suggested but unprovable:

Non-spime to spime (spime to non-spime)

The last pathway suggests the possibility spime may be converted to some entity that composes space-time. At this level, there is the possibility for the existence of an alternative pathway:

spime to non-spime to alter-spime

The simplest model of this kind of pathway is to suggest that all spime exists in a positive direction. The best way to think of this is that all spime spins in one clockwise direction. Arbitrarily we will call this right-hand spin. The observable physical universe is conjectured, at this level, to run on a kind of universal clock that spins in one direction (right handed). This would account for the irreversibility of time, and the unidirectionality of motion in space.

The simplest and most straight forward alter-spime construct is to imagine spime in the reverse spin, or left-handed spime. The consequence of this would be a left-handed or reverse or counter-clockwise universe. Several things of this universe are predictable. They would be anti-gravity, anti-energy, anti-matter and reversed time-space. The two possible universes could not come into contact with one another, or else they would result in total annihilation.

An expanded paradigm of universal causality is suggested that creates a model of the dynamic-state universe as an elaborate mechanism of energy conversion that results in multiple feedback processes:

Non-spime to spime (spime to non-spime)

Spime to gravitation (gravitation to spime)

[Spime to energy, matter, supermass}

Gravitation to energy (energy to gravitation, energy to spime)

[Gravitation to mass, supermass}

Energy to mass (mass to energy, gravitation, spime)

[Energy to supermass}

Mass to supermass (supermass to energy, mass, gravitation, spime)

Supermass to non-spime

(non-spime to alter-spime)

*****

As a result, several other conclusions are suggested that lead to the elaboration of a model of gravitational dynamics. Essentially, the laws of thermodynamic energy are violated in a spime-based model of gravitational dynamics.

Gravity systems release gravitational energies at constant and continuous amounts that are non-intrinsic to the matrix structure of the mass-object itself.

Complex permanent motions & relations result from gravity-based systems, and result in stable but dynamic gravitational fields in derivative systems.

I speculate that there are several orders of gravity system naturally occurring:

First-order systems: basic and derivative systems formed by a single mass-object, either at rest or motion, resulting in continuous gravitational displacement for the life of the object.

Second-order systems: basic and derived systems formed by two or more mass-objects that enter into a common gravitational field and describe complex motions and relations about a common center.

Third-order systems: third order systems are formed by complex sets of multiple mass-objects in regional relationships that do not share a central gravitational fulcrum but have multiple gravitational centers and evolve into complex systems.

Fourth-order systems: Fourth order systems are in a sense possible universes that exist in some alternative arrangement as the result of a universal gravitational field.

Gravity-systems cohere together to create a universal gravitational field. This universal gravitational field defines what can be called the gravitational constant, or G, that is defined by the relative unity of all matter within such a fourth-order system. The gravitational constant of a fourth order system can be referred to as the total measure of the relative disequilibrium of the space-time construct achieved by that system. It is in a sense, the measure of that system's relative stability or equilibrium, which is inherently complex.

Gravity systems are constituted by the chance formation of a single center or origin of gravitational displacement that can be described as the center-most region relative to some physical distribution of mass upon a common point. The minimal gravitational system known to occur is the atomic nucleus. All matter accretes to this center. Ultimately this center is a vanishing point. When larger mass units are bound together, they constitute a gravitational unity, or gravitational unification, such that the center of gravity is a common point of spatial-temporal origin equidistant from all boundaries of the system.

All gravity systems seek unity at the center of gravity, such that all matter accretes to achieve symmetrical unification of gravitation about a virtual center of gravity. Most systems achieve relative equilibrium in some stable state of motion and balance.

A center of gravity that is not located within a central mass-object is a center of gravitational balance.

Properties and possibilities occurring in a center of gravity are fundamentally different than pathways available to a center of balance, because the former always occurs in an internal spime matrix, while the latter occurs in an external spime matrix.

A model is suggested that the dynamics of gravity systems arise as the consequence of the mass-binding of spime. Internal and external spime matrices are equivalent and complementary gravitational systems such that gravity is to a mass-bound system of matter, as the self-binding coherence of spime is in the external space-time matrix. I suggest that electromagnetic radiation is but one of the possible four pathways of energetic propagation possible in the interaction and conversion of spime between internal and external matrices.

It is possible that in a center of balance that accretes no mass to the center, that a gravitational vortex can be created about the center of balance that, like the vortex in the eye of the storm, exhibits negative properties compared to the gravitational fields surrounding it. In such conditions, it is possible to approximate a state of absolute rest or "gravitilessness" at the center of balance. In such a condition, gravitational explosions or mechanisms leading to the destruction or production of gravitational energy may occur. In such conditions, gravitational energy may be absorbed into space-time, and space-time produced from the vortex.

If this model is correct, it is possible that in earth-sized systems, internal gravitational pressures at the planetary core might have the consequence of binding gravitational energies in the production of thermodynamic energy. In solar size masses, gravitational pressures coupled with intense thermodynamic energies at the core may lead to the thermodynamic fusion to produce minimal units of matter (i.e. nuclear hydrogen).

The tremendous energy processes required for the production of extra mass in violation of known laws of thermodynamics ensures that all extra energy and mass is eventually consumed in the process of its production. But it yields extremely stable long-term thermodynamic systems whose stable energy output and mass-dissipation can be accounted for only by such exotic, non-thermodynamic mechanisms.

Other more exotic phenomena is suggested by this model. First, black holes may account for the re-conversion (or annihilation) of gravitational energies, thermodynamic energy and mass explainable in terms of gravitational implosion. It may also lead to the reconstitution of space-time itself. Black holes may represent therefore impenetrable portholes to alternative universes.

It suggests also the complementary existence in the universe of "white sources" that may in effect reverse the process, and can perhaps be accounted for in terms of the creation of gravitational vortices that result in reverse process of gravitational explosion.

This suggests several conclusions. The universe is a very dynamically stable system. It seeks relative stability at all levels, and tends in the long run towards universal stabilization, which is the non-thermodynamic equivalent of absolute rest or total entropy. The universe is therefore in a continuously dynamic state and probably many times older than we now assume it to be. "Big Bangs" may have occurred as the result of larger physical evolutionary processes we do not understand. Essentially, the spime-clock may be gradually unwinding. But such "Big Bang" events, like the subsequent explosion of a black hole from a condition of non-accretion, are likely to be universally. A total big bang creates too many dilemmas and unexplainable problems to serve in a non-contradictory way as a universal explanation.

I believe the ultimate origin of the universe can only be accounted for in a statistical, possibilistic sense, and this sense indicates that spime is composed of sub-spime and that therefore there are probably other possible universes that interconnect with this one on a very basic level, which give rise to the dynamic processes found in this universe, and lead to dynamic processes inferable in alternative universes.

The red shift and Hubble constant are explainable in terms of the predictable loss of momentum of old light at a constant rate in relation to a relatively uniform Einstein shift that is the consequence of a universal gravitational background field that is gradually weakening. Light cannot but travel the speed of light in uniform space-time, and yet must experience a gradual decay of momentum, or of energy, resulting from its miniscule mass in the universal gravitational field. This loss of mass from spime replacement results in red shifting at uniform rates, equivalent to a loss of energy of inertia in light.

This may also be the equivalent to the production of spime in the external space-time construct, such that for the total amount of spime assumed to be consumed by mass-bound objects in the universe, some greater amount of spime is assumed to be produced in the emptiness of space that achieves some degree of relative equilibrium close to absolute rest.

It suggests that light will travel in tremendous continuous arcs, unless bent by an intervening gravitational field, and will demonstrate constant red shift that tends to the far end of the spectrum. Light at this stage is very old, and suggests the limits of the observable universe. Eventually, light should experience a loss of energy to the point that it is returned into the spime matrix, lost in the black depths of empty space.

The assumption leads to several universal paradoxes that science alone cannot resolve:

The physical universe is infinite and yet infinitely bounded by alternative universes.

The observable universe is bounded and yet infinitely observable.

The inferable universe is infinite and yet bounded by alternative universes.

Spime is reducible to non-spime, that is reducible to something beyond our human capacity to observe or infer, which is effectively nothing.

There is effectively nothing from a human standpoint, but there cannot be nothing.

An interesting possibility is suggested by this kind of model. From our vantage point on earth, we can see the entire observable universe, from which we can deduce the entire inferable universe, from which we can possibly derive the total universe, at least in a possibilistic if not probabilistic manner, and yet we cannot ever observe even the entire observable universe. From our point, we can observe only a small portion of the entire universe in space-time, and yet, dimensionally speaking, we can see the entire universe in a limited way.

This suggests a kind of universal holothetic principle. What we can view from the earth is not unlike a tiny corner of a hologram that embeds information about the total structure of the object recorded, and yet which represents only a small portion of the total objects transmitted light.

*******

We cannot think about physical systems theory without taking into account our understanding and definition of the physical universe and of the most basic forces and processes known to constitute its material structure.

Much that was mentioned in the preceding chapter has direct bearing on our understanding of physical systems theory. First, at the outset, let me emphasize that physical systems theory should be, on a basic level, comprehensive and all encompassing. All other systems are subsystems of it, and all other systems can be described at the very least in terms of their physical characteristics within this most basic of all systems.

Before going further, I will hypothesize at the outset that what we are able to observe as normal in our small corner of the vast universe, probably holds for most if not all of the known or observed universe. The basic laws and patterns that may explain phenomena on the earth, like gravity and physical existence, should in principle apply equally well throughout the universe.

This model I have called the universal gravitational field in the space-time construct. The space-time construct is a model of the most basic aspects of the universe. It is a theory explaining basic physical change in the universe. All things are known to change, and change is the only real universal constant we can apply. This change process necessarily reaches beyond a thermodynamic model, as thermodynamics appears unable to account for every change process in the universe. In essence, this theory of universal change explains fundamental physical causality as being essentially a time-ordered measure of universal change. In essence, this theory states:

From one instant to the next, a physical object changes in such a way as to be different fundamentally from the previous instant. Phenomenologically speaking, each instantiation of the body is in essence a statistical approximation of the exact structure of the original body, or rather the instance of the body from the moment before. From moment to moment, day to day, year to year, we cannot assume that in a physical sense, we are the same entity. In a very real sense, this is explained by the normal dynamic flow of space-time through the physical universe.

What needs to be accounted for is the continuity of this change process through time such that all things appear to be relatively constant, or predictable in relation to one another.

The same thing happens in motion and acceleration. Motion is the physical translation of a body from one point to the next. To accelerate this transition through space requires extra energy. This implies a universal value, D, or delta, for the rate of change. It implies that, any relativistic considerations notwithstanding, all physical objects change at a constant rate relative to their speed, motion, position or duration, and relative mass-density. D is a necessary presupposition for the hypothesis of universal synchronization of all change phenomena within the space-time construct. D is equivalent to the rate of alternation of spime, and it is equivalent to the rate of spime replacement/gravitational displacement of a mass-object. D is also a derivative of a constant of the speed of light, or of an unknown propagation speed equal to or slightly greater than the speed of light. It ultimately accounts for the coherence of space-time regardless of motional or gravitational considerations, and explains gravitational displacement that accounts for mass and dynamic distortion of space-time.

D, as a universal constant for the rate of change, is hypothesized to be equivalent to another value, and that is the rate of absorption of space-time, or A, by any mass system. I will state that in all naturally occurring cases:

D = A

The rate of change is held to be relative. It is tied to a model of time that is relative to gravitational dynamics. In other words, though the rate of change is alleged here to be constant, the time-value of change is a variable that is dependent upon the physical distribution of a mass-object. I would hold these constants to be equivalent as well to the gravitational constant G and to the constant of the speed of light C.

This differential physical distribution of the physical universe is the complex result of the gravitational dynamics of space-time. In essence, all things in the universe are subject to gravitational forces that alter their relative space-time values. I call this patterning dynamic gravitational displacement.

Change is continuous in the universe, and must be thought of as an independent system, regardless of its patterning of gravitational displacement. Gravitation and space-time dynamics affect one another in complex ways, and gravitation is a derivative subsystem of space-time.

Furthermore, a hypothesis of universal synchronization suggests that all change is synchronous with itself and everything else in the universe, relativistic considerations notwithstanding.

This model, if it is correct, predicts that there there cannot be "nothing" in the universe. The void of space is filled in with an ethereal substance of the space-time construct (I call it "spime") that has unusual elastic energy properties, that is invisible to light and that does not obey the Laws of Thermodynamics.

The model predicts that energy and matter may be created from the "nothing" of spime when special specific gravitational conditions prevail, and that energy and matter may be transformed back into this apparent "nothing" under other gravitational circumstances. It suggests that gravitation itself may be decomposed into smaller "spime" units.

The theory suggests that the directly observable universe is always closed, and simultaneously encompassing, but may be evolving and infinite, and that there may be in fact multiple universes that are coevolving in different change dimensions, separated by a boundary delimiting and differentiating the universal coherence of space-time in multiple dimensional contexts.

This theory is conceptualized on at least three levels of systems theory:

1. As a total universal system of gravitation;

2. As any finite mass-object gravity system as this can be found on earth and at least in our own solar system;

3. As a sub-subatomic system of some hypothesized minimal structure (i.e., gravitoids & spime) accounting for the dynamics of gravitation and space-time.

I will restate the applicability of a principle of physical congruence of the universe, such that the basic patterns we observe in our world and in our solar system, such as Equivalence and Gravity, probably hold true for any other area of the observable universe. I will assume, for purposes of explanatory simplicity, that at some level of analysis all physical processes are essentially uniform and the same in all regions of the physical universe.

Ours may only be a "positive" clock-wise universe, and thus only the part of a larger system we cannot yet physically observe by any direct means. Such an assumption at this stage appears mostly untestable, and probably irrelevant as yet to a suitable internal explanation of the physical universe we can observe.

*****

A model of the universe has been suggested in this theory that attempts to account for fundamental processes of physical creation and destruction in terms that are at least scientifically amenable to objective measurement and by means of at least indirect observation. The fundamental flaw of the Big Bang theory, beyond its unquestioned paradigmatic status, are not the logical conundrums of its physical description, which are many, but the implicit and unasked metaphysical question of original creation or ultimate creation, which is a logical conclusion of its construct. According to natural systems theory, science cannot legitimately ask or answer questions about original creation. Alternative plausible explanations of systemic physical creation are offered that science can frame and objectively seek to answer, and the explication of these alternative processes of creation suggest a dynamic-state model of the physical universe.

Ultimately, the primary evidence for the Big Bang theory remains the Hubble Constant that indicates the red-shift of light and suggests the recession of distant galaxies at fairly uniform rates. It is possible to explain the Hubble Constant in terms of this alternative theory, in terms of the predictable loss of momentum of energy within a gravitational field, a modified kind of Einstein shift. Furthermore, this shifting is taken as evidence of what can be considered the expansion of space-time matrix between distant galaxies, which is held to occur at relatively uniform rates. This process of space-time production does not beget actual recession of galaxies as the space-time produced in some regions is being continuous consumed by the galaxies themselves, sucked in by the huge cumulative gravitational fields. This is a derivative of the Einstein Shift, but applied to the observable physical universe as a whole.

It is expected that the total rate of spime production is greater than the total rate of its consumption and binding in new mass, because spime is inherently a more stable and minimum state that mass-bound states, and because these pathways are expected to conform to modified gravitational dynamics. Thus the universe is winding down in a gradual process.

This alternative interpretation conforms to the idea that the universe is seeking a state of universal equilibrium, or a condition of absolute rest, which is a predicate of a revised system of spime-gravitational dynamics that is equivalent to thermodynamics.

Thus, it is concluded that the recession of galaxies is more the appearance of reality, like the sun crossing the earth's sky, than the actual reality. Alone, the Hubble Constant is held to be empirically insufficient for the validation of a Big Bang Hypothesis, and any universal Big Bang model based on the red shift alone leads to irresolvable logical contradictions in the description of the model.

If red shifting is found to occur relatively uniformly from all directions of the night sky, north and south alike, then it is most likely to be primarily an indication of such an alternative patterning of spime-expansion. If red-shifting can be found to be regionally specific or differential in the night sky, then this would suggest that indeed there have been medium bangs periodically occurring in different regions of the universe. This is not impossible, and indeed, would be predicted from the model that postulates the universal aggregation of all matter in third-order systems, and the impermanence of exotic systems like black holes.

The conclusions are that there may have occurred and probably did occur momentous explosion events comparable to Big Bangs on a regional scale, but in a universal sense this would be highly improbable or impossible. A picture of the universe emerges that is much older, vaster, and more dynamically stable than we seem to prefer to believe. A Hindu model of creation seems more pertinent than a Christian one to answer the hidden metaphysical question.

*****

According to the first premises regarding natural systems, it follows that the total physical universe in its total sense is infinite and eternal. It has no ultimate beginning nor final end, and is without a spatial or temporal limit. If we can accept this set of primes, then a great deal follows. And yet we can only accept these primes by means of a fundamental leap of faith, for we can neither ultimately prove nor disprove this conundrum, except perhaps in a logical manner.

The model of the big bang is well received today as the standard cosmology of the known universe. As it is now understood, it sets certain inherent limits both to the age and physical size of this current universe. But as it exists, it begs certain implicit philosophical questions that at this time remain largely un-addressed, much less well answered. But they must be asked nonetheless:

1. What is infinity?

2. What is eternity?

3. What is physical non-existence?

If we accept in principle the cosmogenic model of the Big Bang, then other, more physical type questions are also logically forthcoming. What, for instance is the common point of origin of the expanding universe? Why does the distribution appear uneven and random if all matter is accelerating away from a common origin at uniform velocities? If all matter is accelerating away from all other matter within an expanding continuum of space-time, then why shouldn't matter eventually split apart and separate into ever-finer units?

If evidence of red-shifted light is apparent from all directions of the night sky, in a more or less uniform way, and if the source of this light is found to stem ultimately from 16 to 20 billion light years in depth, then we are forced upon the conclusion that the light reaching us from all directions from that moment of the cosmic egg has traveled in long arcs to get here. It therefore fundamentally and uniformly follows a closed curvilinear pattern suggesting that in fact the observable universe may be in some way closed and bound.

Furthermore, if the light reaching us today from 16 to 20 million light years away is the light of the cosmic egg that occurred in an instant, then why is this light continuing to be emitted on a continuous, never-ending basis. It should reach us in single wave front, in a single period, and then pass us by forever. We should therefore reach a point of background origin of light, beyond which there is nothing.

It is doubtful in a model of an expanding universe that all distant objects would show red-shift of the Doppler effect in relation to our place on the earth, which in effect suggests that red-shift is occurring in all directions simultaneously. From the standpoint of single Big Bang in physical space and time, this makes little sense, whichever way we cut the relativistic pie.

I believe that a variant of the Einstein shift to be a more accurate description of the observed red shifting of light, than the presumed Doppler effect that is accounted for by the recession of distant galaxies. Recession of distant stellar systems is more apparent than real, just as the circling of the sun in the daylight sky is an appearance of reality. Beyond irresolvable directional considerations, it is unreasonable to assume that the earth is the best vantage-point to observe uniform recession of galaxies at the maximum distance from earth.

Any galaxy, if it is genuinely recessional, must be uniformly recessional about a common gravitational point of origin--rather a gravitational center of balance. Recession must also occur in a single uniform direction, and in one direction only, unless our universe is somehow discontinuous. But the galaxies all cannot be receding in the same direction, relative to the earth (i.e., away from the earth.) The earth itself should be also part of a recessional galactic system, which should therefore be receding in its own direction, away from other galaxies. I don't know what would stop galactic recession from being fundamentally omni-directional, and therefore, in all directions at once without a common point of origin, and in the total sense, probably randomly recessional.

The only alternative explanation for the Hubble constant would be the expansion of the space-time construct itself, making the increasing recession of the galaxies proportionate to their distance from earth, more apparent than real. The uniform and continuous expansion of the space-time construct between galaxies is the only reasonable explanation for apparent galactic recession. But nothingness cannot expand or contract, therefore the space-time construct must be something that is expandable, and therefore also, compressible.

I would suggest that the Hubble constant demonstrates a uniform gradient of the shift which suggests that perhaps all light, reaching us from all directions of the night sky, has been shifted by an Einstein effect in a universal gravitational field. The amount of shifting would be in direct ratio to the distance the light traveled from the gravity system of the source of the light. If we can hypothesize a universal gravitational field, then all light traveling through that field will be effected by it. Not only will the light appear curvilinear, but it will be shifted toward the longer wave-lengths.

This shifting can be understood as the equivalent to the loss of energy of the old light at a constant rate. Light cannot slow down when it looses its energy. It only shifts to the red end of the spectrum, until it shifts completely off the edge. This loss of virtual momentum is due to the slight mass of the light within the space-time continuum as it shifts against the universal gravitational field of the observable universe.

This argument is not to claim that there may not have been any "big bangs" in the universe, nor that the universe may not in fact be expanding at some rate. It seems to me reasonable that if expansion of the universe is to occur, it would plausibly occur in the interstellar regions, as the result of the gradual expansion of the space-time construct of the universal-gravitational field.

There may have been a kind of cosmic beginning to the present observable universe, but systems theory would strongly suggest that this kind of beginning is part of a yet larger unknown system of relations within which the entire universe is embedded, and is but one instance.

Even more, if the Universe is not enclosed in a shell of bending light, then we cannot know the exact contemporaneous disposition of those galactic entities that are maximally distant from us. On the other hand, if the universe is encased in some kind of electromagnetic shell, then it might follow that we can in fact embrace the entire universe in a single global sphere of view. The most distant galaxies would then be in fact those perhaps occurring somewhere in the intermediate regions of our view.

It might also entail the paradox that most of the light emitted by the stars of the universe may in fact never ever reach us, not due necessarily to the great distances involved, but due to the original direction of propagation of the light through the space-time continuum. If we are caught on the bounded edge of a curving universe, then, like trying to see China from America by standing on a mountaintop, we are unlikely to be able to see over the physical horizons that bound our observable world. We might only guess at the shape of this larger universal structure by observing the effects it may have upon our observable regions.

These kinds of conundrums all suggest that the big bang explanation, based primarily on the observed red-shift of light, is an over-simplified explanation of what really occurred and continues to occur in the universe.

If it is extremely difficult to imagine an infinite universe, especially when we in our human proportions are bound in by so many finite limitations, it seems virtually impossible to imagine a finite universe in reality, without asking the essential questions of what came before, and what lies beyond, and if the answer is nothing, then what is nothing?

If one specifies or delimits the size of the universe, the natural question is then to ask what lies beyond this limit. Why draw the line here or there? Perhaps we can only speculate that beyond this known universe are various other multiple universes, each in their own of natural development. If we accept this as an answer, then we must wonder why such universes do not overlap with one another or eventually collide into each other's vast spaces. Perhaps they do, and we just do not yet realize it.

The big bang may or may not be proven to be an accurate representation of the cosmogeny of the known or knowable universe, but even its hypothesis still begs the essential question of what came before or caused the cosmic egg in the first place, and what surrounded the cosmic egg before its sudden eruption. To push the whole of the cosmological clock and cosmographical map to a single origin point in time and space, an ultimate horizon, seems somehow counterintuitive to our understanding of how things appear to be working at least in this quarter of our galaxy.

For instance, it would assume that all matter was spontaneously self-created in an instant and in that instant would exhibit a universal gravitational field. Instead of exploding, then why would it not implode gravitationally like a giant black hole. Perhaps really we are in a shrinking, or imploding universe, and do not realize it yet. A cosmic egg would require almost infinite thermodynamic energy to cause the constant and accelerating expansion of the entire universe, and it would contain all mass in universal unity.

It is for these kinds of reasons that I believe the big bang theory to be inherently faulty. Either it belies a deeper history and a broader reality that it is just an instance of, or else there are mechanisms about the universe and our interpretation of it that we do not yet fully understand. In other words, either the big bang is a special case of a larger pattern of universal physical development, or it is the wrong answer to the problem of universal origins in the first place.

If we embrace the Big Bang theory fully then the logical alternative is that we must ultimately reject both the ideas of infinity and eternity. Because we can understand infinity in a mathematical manner, and because the universe is mathematically organized, it stands to reason that the total universe somehow embodies the notion of infinity in its patterning. Because the universe is both spatial and temporal in its physical manifestation, and because, by our definition at least, space is possibly infinite and time possibly eternal, then again we cannot logically accept a model of the universe that imposes these kinds of constraints upon its manifestation. The knowable universe cannot exist before time or beyond space, but only in time and space.

Finally, the modified laws of thermodynamics dictate that in a fundamental sense the universe comprises a vast energy system, and that such a system can never exist in a perfect steady state but is always characterized by chronic decay and decomposition. We cannot speak about the ultimate creation of such a system from nowhere and nothing, although we would like to consider that it couldn't have always just existed.

Theoretically speaking, I will say that the physical universe is scientifically observable, though what is observable is always a subset of the total system comprised by the physical universe. This means that we can come to understand the universe, and to mathematically infer and geometrically model its structure, even if we cannot ultimately or directly observe its every region or part.

It has become apparent also that our understanding of the largest orders of magnitude of space-time is indirectly contingent upon our understanding of the smallest orders of magnitude of space-time.

Understanding of the natural universe informs the entire history of science. Today, exotic variants of the covering law model predominates in our received theoretical explanations and dialogs about the most basic physical processes we observe in the Universe. This is an inherently complex model, but advanced particle research has vindicated most of its predictions.

On the other hand, there appears to be remarkable complacency and lack of inquiry about the Big Bang model, and it appears to have become the new paradigmatic orthodoxy of our normal physical sciences. Granted, pressure to conformity is great when it comes to funding, research facilities, and even publishability. "The big bang ultimately reflects some cosmologists' search for creation and for a beginning. That search properly lies in the realm of metaphysics, not science." (Burbidge, February, 1992) To seriously question this model would be to risk criticism and ostracism from the ranks of legitimate science. (I can afford to ask such questions whether I am taken very seriously or not because I am not a legitimate practitioner of normal science and I have already suffered such ostracism from my own field of anthropology)

This points up a curious aspect about our state of theoretical understanding of physical systems theory. As limited covering law models, many earlier theories were essentially correct. The Copernican theories were correct, as long as too many detailed questions were not asked. Newton's classical model of universal gravitation was essentially correct, as long as we were talking about the basic spheres of the planets and the falling of apples, but it was an inadequate model to explain the entire system. Einstein's General Theory of Relativity remains essentially unassailed at its own level of understanding. The predictions it made have been born out experimentally, though it has also proved for several reasons to be unsatisfactory as a complete explanation of the universal system. Later even more sophisticated theories of quantum physics and the string theory of quarks, and the "already unified field theory" of geometro-dynamics and the Covering Law Model, have all born out basic predictions.

The essential paradox of this state of our understanding is, I believe, that in limited senses, these various theories all are correct, but they do not account for the entire system. Because they are not unified in a single theoretical explanation, they defy the conventions of parsimony we have come to expect of scientific explanation. The result is that our physical sciences remain as an entire plethora of well-received answers in search of a central, fundamental question. While most scientists appear to be searching for extremely minute and transient sub-atomic particles, they appear to be judiciously side-stepping some of the grander theoretical questions and issues that may be involved.

The enduring features of the physical universe appear to me to be several. To list these again for emphasis:

1. It's mathematical descriptiveness, indicating its informational patterning in an ideal, noumenal or abstract sense.

2. It's basic temporal and spatial manifestation, no matter what level we are working on, and no matter how relative we construe it to really be.

3. The universal laws of thermodynamics, which so far have not been clearly contra-indicated by conventional scientific evidence except perhaps on a quantum level, and which suggests at relatively conventional levels of understanding at least that all things physical must obey its strict limits in regard to the fundamentally imperfect transferability of energy from one state, or one system, to another.

Thermodynamics basically deals with heat and energy transfer, and this is understood implicitly in its most readily measurable form, that of heat and, more generally and more accurately, electromagnetic radiation. It is my contention that thermodynamics can be framed in terms of an even broader and more basic universal energy system that in some respects does not necessarily conform to the basic laws of thermodynamics. I can speculate, based on my model, that thermodynamics itself is easily derivable from at least two orders of nested systems models--the first model of space-time dynamics, and the second model of gravitational dynamics.

This is a critical point of departure for understanding an alternative physical systems theory that I call the "universal gravitational field."

Our thinking about gravity holds the answers perhaps to some of our most basic questions about the physical universe. A genuine unified field theory should be one that relates gravitation to the other known forces of the physical universe and should as well harbor a general and accurate cosmological view of the universe. In turn, a cosmological view of the universe should be capable at some point of adequately describing such a universal field theory. The fact that such a theory has until now evaded scientific explanation entails that our account of the universe is still somehow incomplete.

The type of energy system that needs to be fully accounted for, yet isn't, is that of gravitation. Gravitation is a universal energy system with titanic powers to move entire galaxies and yet in a local sense its energies remain mysteriously weak, invisible, even "non-existent" in the sense of "negative energy."

From what we know and can predict of gravitation from our theories, it seems to be very similar to electromagnetic radiation. It may be composed cumulatively by a finite, semi-discrete particle, called a graviton that acts and behaves something like a photon, and is considered a boson in its defined energy states. Gravitational waves appear to ripple through the universe, creating stresses or strains on distant masses that are not unlike the ocean waves breaking on the shore. It appears to be cumulative, in that mass can be added together in finite amounts to create ever larger reservoirs of gravitational energy.

Gravitational energy is directly equivalent to the degree of inertia embodied by an object's physical mass. We can speak of the inertia of energy as equivalent to the inertia of mass, which I claim is equivalent to the inertia of gravitational displacement, and also equivalent to another value I call the inertia of space-time replacement. Thus gravitational systems have clear mechanical aspects that relate it as a kind of thermodynamic system in basic ways. And yet, unlike electromagnetic radiation, gravitation does not appear to be polarized and appears to follow a different kind of geometry in the Universe.

*****

It is worthwhile to speculate at this point about fifth or higher dimensions which imply either:

1. A reversible universe in which time flows in the opposite direction

or

2. A series of parallel but non-coincidental universes in which time flows in alternate but unequal directions simultaneously

or

3. Some combination of such systems. If such dimensions exist as part of the structure of the physical universe, then they should eventually become indirectly observable through our scientific calculations.

Hypothesizing multiple universal structures, such as parallel or multi-dimensional universes, is concomitant upon having evidence or at least known logical mechanisms that would explain such multiple structures. These are possible entities, perhaps even in a mathematical sense, but they have yet to be accounted for in known terms of our physical universe. Perhaps the most straightforward kind of such model is the possibility of a "mirror" universe that coexists as a complementary and antithetical structure to our own.

If such a universal gravitational system represents an even approximate explanation of the physical system of the universe, then several conclusions follow. First, gravitational energy occurs at such a microscopic level that its isolation is probably relativistic and that it has not yet been directly isolated, and that its expression is either in the form of mass or energy. I believe this fundamental space-time unit of gravity to be called the gravitoid. It's energy potential is much weaker than any other known unit of force, but universally constitutes an energy reservoir greater cumulatively than we realize or are able to measure on known instruments. This field is known to propagate evenly in three dimensions infinitely across the universe and in the fourth dimension through time simultaneously but unevenly. It is known to occur in ripples in space, much like the ripples on the surface of a pool of water. In fact, complex interference patterns of these perturbations of gravitational flux may occur in space and through time. Surges, gravitational-hammers and even gravitational tsunami are possible outcomes of dynamic gravitational displacement leading sometimes to a complete warping of the space-time fabric.

If such a system exists, then several other conclusions may logically follow.

First, space-time as we know it, or are capable of directly apprehending it, is yet part of a more complex and vaster system of relations that include multiple dimensions. In other words, the universal gravitational field is itself but another level and subset of a larger system based on even smaller entities and forces.

The simplest model would be that of a mirror anti-matter universe that coexists in another continuum parallel to our own. The two universes connect seemingly at two ends of the universe. Black holes are known to exist at the center of galaxies, and constitute in essence the ultimate gravity vortex that pulls all into its inescapable embrace. Squeezed through a black hole, gravity may be turned into anti-gravity and known physical matter may be disintegrated only to be reintegrated as anti-matter.

The most direct and easily imaginable system is a reversible or symmetrical system of complementary patterns that are opposite and parallel to our own. If this is the case, then it is possible our universe is connected by some as yet completely unknown mechanism to a parallel universe that is in a fundamental sense the reverse of our own, It would be constituted by the same basic universal gravitational field as our own, albeit one that flows in the opposite direction in the fourth dimension, or that, from our standpoint, might appear as anti-gravitation. This opposite direction of reversed time then would result in a universe that may even interpenetrate our own in three dimensions without our ever achieving contact or direct awareness of it.

If such were the case, then there might be connections at "both ends" so to speak, or in multiple places, such that the energy flowing from our system into the reverse system, passes through the threshold of no return. At another point energy of the opposite system would also flow into our system at unknown points materializing in full cycle perhaps as the basic stuff of our physical universe.

Scientists have long speculated about anti-gravity, anti-matter and multiple dimensions. It makes sense that matter and anti-matter cannot coexist contemporaneously in the same dimensional matrix of a system without catastrophic results. Some boundary maintenance mechanism must be hypothesized to maintain the differential between the two sets of opposed dimensional matrices. A parallel universe would be nothing but an alternative dimensional matrix that is achievable within a reversed or altered universal gravitational field than what normally occurs in the observed universe, and would constitute nothing but a part of a larger and more complex universal structure than now observed or confirmed known to exist.

Collapsing of the normal space-time continuum that is constituted by the universal gravitational field, possibly for instance, as in a black hole, might lead to a total destruction of the four dimensional matrix constituted by this continuum, and thus open the door to the possibility of alternative matrices in which mass and energy are redefined in other ways.

Two outcomes of the cosmography of the known matrix may in fact be this. The known dimensional matrix of the physical universe may exist in four or more dimensions. These four dimensions may not in fact be infinite in the sense that we understand them, but in some grand sense circular or cyclical, such that at some distant frontier the entire space-time construct curves ever so slightly back upon itself, and at some point closes into a closed but infinite system.

This offers the suggestion that perhaps the cosmic egg we hypothesize from the red shift of distant light sources, is nothing but the left-over residue, the remaining ripples of strain, of the birth of our own dimensional matrix. Furthermore, this matrix may have come to being in a relative sense not at one point in time and place, but in fact is continuously recurring from all corners or multiple points and places simultaneously. Just as a black hole may forever feed another dimensional matrix of the universal gravitational field, so also our own dimensional matrix may be fed by some other set of unknown sources.

Perhaps, if this is the case, then all matter is "evolving" through time at a constant and steady rate.

We cannot pass readily into an alternative dimensional matrix without passing an irreversible threshold that maintains the integrity of our "positive" physical universe. We would face total physical disintegration and annihilation long before we reached this threshold, and no kind of spacecraft could protect us from this total disintegration.

But even if we cannot physically travel the vastness of the universe, or pass between parallel or multiple universes, then at least we might still come to know and indirectly observe and appreciate its structure from a vast distance in time and space, in ways scarcely yet imagined.

The predominance of the model of the big bang, no longer itself seriously questioned, may serve more as an ideological obstacle to alternative scientific inquiry than as a heuristic model of a scientific worldview. It symbolic function to resolve apparent contradictions at the margins of our knowledge of reality are quite apparent by the number of contradictions it appears to embrace. To move beyond the big bang and to construe the universe in a dynamic-state within a larger frame of reference is to move beyond the conundrums of specifying ultimate causes in random-based processes. It is search for cyclical feedback mechanisms in systems theory and evidence for the real physical evolution of such systems.

A dynamic-state universe is one that is in a complex state of dynamic equilibrium. Whether this state can be said to be ultimately asymtoptically stable in the large or in the long run is unknown. There appear to be both many stable and unstable points occurring in the universe. Thus, the universe may be like a complex "nth order" system. There is no reason to assume that its current phase of development in the region we happen to inhabit is the same as its pattern of development in more remote periods and places. To look at what we can see from the planet earth, in all the vastness of space, and to conjecture about a single, universal cosmic egg in a limited frame of time and space, is like trying to understand the origins and history of all life on earth from the standpoint of the rise and development of a single species. Hypothesizing a cosmic egg 16 billion years ago is not unlike hypothesizing a six-day creation event five thousand years ago. The dynamic variability of the total universe is likely to defy all our calculations or speculations, or even our abilities to calculate and speculate.

Natural Systems

2001