Suffixes are like prefixes, but they come at the end of the word and not before. Unlike prefixes, the basic rule governing suffixation is this:

Suffixes may change the spelling of the root to which they are attached.

Suffixes may change the grammatical function or tense or meaning of the root: they may change a noun or an adjective into a verb or a verb into an adverb or an adverb from an adjective (often by adding the suffix ending "ly"--simply, strongly, weakly, bravely); they may change the tense from present to past, and they may alter the meaning in a relative way.

-a (multiple) data, phenomena

-able, -ible, ble(capable of being) combustible, lovable, partible, voluble

-aceous (having, resembling) carbonaceous, Crestaceous

-acious (towards, in the habit of ) audacious, tenacious

-ade, age (quantity, thing, act or process) marriage, footage, escapade, lemonade

-ae (feminine plural) larvae, algae

-al (resembling or pertaining to) artificial, preternatural

-an (relating to, one who is) veteran, Jamaican

-ance, ancy, (state, quality) annoyance, vacancy

-ant, ar, ard, arian (inclined toward, one who) militant, liar, drunkard, librarian

-arium, ary (place) aquarium, sanctuary

-ate (to make, marked by) activate, affectionate, passionate

-ation (action, state of) damnation, inflation, narration, condemnation

ative (in the habit of) demonstrative, talkative

-ble (repeated act) squabble, rumble, quibble

-cle, cule (little) miniscule, icicle

cy (action, state of) diplomacy, bankruptcy

d, -ed (past tense) worked, played

dom (state of) boredom, freedom, kingdom

-ectomy (remove by surgery) mastectomy, appendectomy

-ee (receiver, enacted upon) rentee, employee, payee

-en (to make, relating to) strengthen, weaken, golden, wooden

-en (past action) taken, stricken, foresaken

-ence, ency (state of) violence, frequency

-enne (feminine) commedienne

-ent (one who, inclined toward) resident, agent, excellent, diligent

-er, -ar, -ier, -or (more, one that does or deals with) fatter, smaller, financier, scholar, baker, vendor

-er (action) discover, meander, wonder, deliver

-ern (direction) northern, southern

 -ery, ry (goods, establishment, state of, trade, occupation) pottery, bravery, surgery, archery, bakery, grocery

-ese (state of) largese, finese

-esque (in the manner of) burlesque, picturesque, Romanesque

-ess (female) countess, actress

-est (most) fullest, tallest, shortest

-et (small) basinet

-ette (small, feminine) cigarette, barrette

-etic (relating to) frenetic, kinetic

-eur (one who, state) chauffeur, hauteur

-ferous (bearing, having) carboniferous, odoriferous

-ful (full) joyful, wonderful

fy, ify (to make) satisfy, terrify, stultify

-hood (state of) childhood, adulthood

-i (many) foci, fungi

-ial, ian (relating to) filial, barbarian,

-ic (associated with) mechanic, chronic

-ical, icial (relating to) comical, superficial, artificial

 -ics (of science or society) politics, physics, economics

-id, (state of) candid, splendid

-ier, yer (one who) financier, lawyer

-ide (chemical compound) sulfide, oxide

-ile (state of) virile, servile

-ina (female) ballerina

-ine (chemical susbstance, female) iodine, quinine, heroine

-ine (relating to) bovine, feminine

-ing (substance) flocking, roofing, bedding

-ing (infinitive) running, singing, dancing

-ion (state) nation, champion

-ious (quality of) ambitious, meretricious

-ish (like, similar) foolish, childish, Swedish

-ish (process) finish, nourish, punish

-ism (quality, practice, doctrine) communism, capitalism, baptism, racism

-ist, tist (one who) chemist, dramatist

-ite (rock) granite, anthracite

-itis (disease) layrngitis, arthritis

-ity (state of) necessity, gravity

-ive (inclined toward) active, passive, stative, restive

-ization (state of) organization, mechanization

-ize, yze (to make) computerize, standardize, analyze

-kin (small) napkin, bodkin

-less (without) fruitless, brainless, childless

-let (little) islet, leaflet

-like (resembling) childlike, lifelike

-ling (small) underlying, yearling, fledgling

-ly (resembling, every) scholarly, weekly, daily

-man (one who) mailman

-ment (action, state, product) development, amusement, condiment

-mony (product, state) matrimony, testimony

-most (most) furthermost

-ness (state of) kindness, happiness

-oid (resembling) factoid, asteroid

-ol, (alcohol) methanol, butanol, ethnanol

-ology (study of) biology, anthropology, gynecology

-or (one who, quality of) actor, doctor, error, candor

-orium (place for) auditorium, emporium, crematorium

-ory (place) lavatory, laboratory, crematory

-ose (sugar, full of) lactose, sucrose, glucose, fructose, verbose, bellicose

-ous, -ious, uous (full of, quality of) copious, superfluous, sumptuous, sensuous

-phobia (fear of) claustrophobia, Xenophobia, hydrophobia

-s, es (many, plural) plants, grants, chants, cities

 -ship (state of, condition, occupation, skill) readership, guardianship, worship

-sion, -tion, -ion (state, quality of) compulsion, adhesion, abstraction

-some (inclined toward) irksome, likesome, meddlesome

-th, eth (quality of, numerical) warmth, strength, trillionth, thousandth, fiftieth

-trix (female) excutrix

-tude (state of) plentitude, lattitude

-ty (state of) unity, quality, quantity

-ular (relating to) cellular cicular

-ulent (full) truculent, succulent, turbulent

-und (state of) fecund, rotund

-ure (action) tenure, exposure, endure, inure, procure

-ward (direction) toward, wayward, southward

-ways (manner) always, crossways

-wise (manner, direction, reference) clockwise, sidewise, schoolwise, timewise

-wright (one who makes) playwright, shipwright

y (quality of) fruity, acidy, rainy